Do you still think that sticking a couple of wires in an Arduino is DIY?

    The other day, comrade SWG, the moderator of my forum, a seasoned electronics engineer with forty years of experience, at least got a nostalgic mood and began to upload archive photos of his designs from the 80s. And after that, the others pulled themselves up. I couldn’t go past such a charm and allowed myself to make a small compilation of the old labor-hardcore of the era of total DIY.

    SWG:
    “A computer made based on the MICRO-80 from Radio 83g, compatible with it software and hardware, although it was made in its own way ... From what we managed to get.

    For example, the system bus was not on bidirectional buffers, but with an open collector (well, I still didn’t have 589AP16 and AP26 then). Yes, and the schemes of almost all the modules had to be done in their own way. Nevertheless, everything worked. And all the later published programs in Radio, and even for the later RK-86 and Mikroshi, were able to adapt to their needs. Well, he already wrote something. On Asme, on BASIC.



    Here is the computer itself. At first I used the built-in display on 16 handset. But it was too small on it, I had to buy a Yunost - 406D TV (eyes are more expensive!), With a 31 cm handset. It was already gorgeous ... The
    keyboard was made separately. Or directly came up against, through a 24x pin 2-row connector, or connected with a cable - extension cord from 1.5 to 2.5 m long.
    On the face is a technical (also called "engineering") console.



    From it, you can intercept control of the system bus, put the processor in step mode, set the address and data on the bus, write data to memory cells and RAM. Also, catch strobes of coincidence at a given address (with or without standby mode), see the main bus signals on the LED line, as well as data and address - in hexadecimal on the ALS318 indicator (under the LEDs). Entering addresses and data - from the remote control keyboard in hexadecimal.

    Large buttons under the power switch:
    1. Putting the processor in step mode.
    2. Turning on the keyboard of the technical console.
    3. Enabling direct access from the remote control to the memory.
    4. Enabling direct access from the remote control to the address area of ​​input / output devices.
    5. Automatic stop by coincidence of the address on the system bus with the address specified on the remote control. Convenient for debugging. Usually, after the program stopped at the desired address, it was possible to run the program in steps, view any memory cells, or simply give processor instructions from the remote control.

    Small buttons (from the calculator) - enter hexadecimal values ​​(buttons 0-9 and AF), set the address from the remote control to the system bus, write data, read data at the specified address, increment and decrement for the address and for data, sequential write from an auto-increment of an address, something else (I don’t remember everything, it was a long time ago) ...
    On the 9-bit indicator there are 4 hexadecimal digits of the address of the console or the system bus, two hexadecimal digits of the address of the console, and two of the data of the system bus.
    Under the indicator are round buttons: a system reset and a ready button for step mode.

    LED row:
    M1 - system bus signal at the beginning of each command cycle.
    ОЖ - a signal of a state of standby of readiness of a device by a processor.
    RPR - interrupt enable signaling.
    STK - a sign of the processor working with the stack.
    BUF - I do not remember, it seems, an indication of the connection of the console buffer to the system bus.
    OST - signaling the state of processor shutdown.
    Thu memory - read RAM signal.
    Zp memory - write signal RAM.
    Thu CRC - reading a vector from an interrupt controller.
    Thu BB - I / O read signal.
    Зп ВВ - I / O recording signal.

    For the first time I tested the computer from this technical console, then from it I wrote down the codes of the display generator and the MONITOR utility in 573РФ2 - something like a modern BIOS in computers. There are sub-routines for working with co-audio, display, tape recorder, tests and memory dumps, and much more. ”

    A 24-pin keyboard connector displays 8 bits of data, 8 bits of address, read and write signals for input / output devices, ground, power + 5v (and it seems +12, I don’t remember already), a ready signal, maybe something else (too lazy to look for documentation).

    I also connected programmers to this connector through the splitters, a punched tape reader, a home-made matrix printer with two steps (carriage drive and paper feed), and an 8-needle head directly from the computer. The printer had only keys and several sensors on optocouplers (the beginning and end of the gate, the position of the rotor ШД of the carriage drive, the presence of paper). Sensors were also interrogated by a computer. The entire print driver program on the computer took less than a kilobyte in ROM. Programmers write and read programmers - tens of bytes.

    This computer sank from 84 to 91 years old ... Yes, and later, as a ROM programmer of any kind, I used it.

    Insides





    And then came ShadS friend and broke all lethal brain myshoy for Spectrum.

    ShadS :
    “Once upon a time, I had a Spectrum, and of course, the ARTStudio program.
    At that time, IBM computers were already becoming popular, which had a mouse and all that. And I like how I wanted to figure out a mouse for the Spectrum so that the cursor wouldn’t be used as an adult cursor ……

    In short, this is what I stuck to the Spectrum, although now I have controversial feelings about it (a rusty bunch of incomprehensibility), but it worked …… Later I stuck ibimemovskuyu mouse, but at the very beginning, I wasn’t able to buy it yet, I don’t remember something yet, but I blinded it myself ... ”

    It’s very solid outside, almost like a factory, if you don’t carp.


    And the brutal homemade inside:


    Pay attention to the implementation of the buttons. DIY only! Only hardcore!


    Logics

    Pay attention to the green capacitor. Right above the two blue wiring. This is the famous KM series capacitor. Due to the presence of some rare metals (like palladium) in them, a huge amount of Soviet electronics did not survive to this day. They broke it into scrap metal clean :( Damn

    mechanics

    , it's cool. Even homemade rollers, but an optocoupler from a bulb (sic!) And photoresistors.

    And did it really work? !!! Surprised the inhabitants asked and got the answer.

    "It’s not possible in reality in a mouse , purely logic was that the signals from the photodiodes were converted to TTL, all the photodiodes and buttons were wired to the shift register, and sequentially interrogated by an external device.
    As an external device, there was a small block on the Z80 processor, which regularly polled and accumulated coordinate data, buttons, and also waited for calls from the Spectrum.
    The Spectrum, when it was convenient for him, made a request for this block and received the actual coordinates and buttons.

    Interestingly, I integrated this business into ARTStudio. It turned out that all the memory for the program was full and there was no free space where the drivers could be shoved. Then I calculated the place in the program where some function I didn’t need was located, for example I cut out its code (naturally, I plugged in the call to the former function), and in the vacant space, I wrote down the mouse processing code ... ”

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