Classification of Innovation

Continuing the previous article , today we will focus on the definition and classification of innovation. In the next topic, I will end the series on the theory of innovation by examining innovative factors.

Innovation Approaches

In the most general case, innovation is interpreted as the transformation of potential scientific and technological progress into real, which is embodied in new products and technologies based on the implementation of the achievements of science, technology, technology, as a regular, objective process of improving production. However, all existing approaches to the definition of the concept of innovation can be classified as follows:

1. Object:
- Own object, the essence of which is that innovation acts as the object-result of the scientific and technical progress: new equipment, technology. Representatives of this direction are Schumpeter, Zavlin, Gokhberg.
- Objective utilitarian - innovation acts as an object - a new consumer value based on the achievements of science and technology, with the emphasis being on the utilitarian side of innovation, its ability to satisfy social needs with great useful effect. Representatives of this direction are Sokolov, Fathutdinov.

2. Process:
- Actually process, the essence of which is that innovation is considered as a complex process, which includes the development, introduction into production and commercialization of new consumer values ​​- goods, equipment, technologies, organizational forms, etc. Representatives of the direction - Prigozhin, Huchek.
- Process-utilitarian - innovation acts as a process of creating, distributing and using new consumer values, with the emphasis being on the utilitarian side of innovation. Representatives of this direction are Twiss, Santo, Mescon.
- Process-financial - innovation acts as a process of investing in innovations, investing in the development of new equipment, technology, research. The representative of this direction is Morozov.

However, most authors interpret the concept of innovation as part of the actual object approach. Let us dwell on the formulation of the concept of innovation within the framework of this particular approach and agree with the definition accepted in world practice:
Innovation - the end result of innovation, which has been embodied in the form of a new or improved product introduced on the market, a new or improved technological process used in practice or in a new approach to social services.

Classification of Innovation

There are many approaches to classifying innovations. Consider the main types of classifications of innovations:

1.in terms of application
- material and technical (equipment, technology, materials)
- social
- economic
- organizational and managerial
- legal
- pedagogical

2.innovative potential
- radical (basic)
- combinatorial (using different compounds )
- improving (improving, supplementing)

3. by succession
- replacing
- canceling
- turning
- opening
- retro-introduction

4. by scale
- innovations, new on a global scale (discovery, inventions, patents)
- new in the country
- new in the field
- new for the company

5.in the form of innovation
- discovery, inventions, patents
- rationalization proposals
- know-how
- trademarks, trademarks , emblems
- new documents that describe technological, production, management processes, structures, structures, methods, etc.

6. at the implementation stage
- innovations introduced at the strategic marketing stage
- innovations introduced at the R&D stage
- organizational and technological preparation of production
- production (including tactical marketing)
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