Google caches links to deleted and hidden photos of VK users
A series of leaks of personal data led me to a more detailed study of this issue.
If everything is clear with robots.txt, then what about secret GET parameters ? The holders in the comments were divided into two groups: some argue that in GET it is never possible under any circumstances to transmit confidential data, others that search engines should not index links received from bars and statistics systems. I think that both of them are right, however, there is one more option: there was a direct link, then it disappeared. Should the page be removed from the index? If the page exists - yes, if it does not exist - no. The answer is obvious,
We go to Google's search for images:

Of the results found, most of the photos are from groups or open profiles, however if you change the request a little , we will filter out the excess and find what we need:

Click on the photo:

Google will give a direct link to the image using the lower link ,

The search query can be modified in another way, having received at the output links to “deleted” photos or photos from hidden albums:
site: vkontakte.ru Name
Here is one of the images found in this way in full size:

By the link “ Image source” in Google, we get just an error - "Unknown error." Let’s take the user’s ID from the url of the picture and go to the profile page:

A profile exists, but the photo found is not in the albums (including photos from the page), nor on the wall, nor in the notes, nor anywhere else. The photo found was either “deleted” or hidden from prying eyes. Which did not stop us from finding it using the search.
Upd: Pages with albums of deleted users have closed *. Well Done, Vkontakte! It remains to cover direct links to "deleted" images.
* thanks for reporting this Santiago26