Yandex has published an overview of the market of IT vacancies

    In February 2019, Yandex launched the Workshop - a service for online training of future developers, analysts and other IT specialists. To decide which courses to take first, our colleagues studied the market together with the HeadHunter analytical service. We took the data that they used - descriptions of more than 300 thousand IT vacancies in millionaire cities for 2016-2018 - and prepared a review of the market as a whole.

    How the demand for specialists of different profiles is changing, what skills they should have in the first place, in which areas the percentage of vacancies for beginners is highest, what salary they can count on - all this can be found in the review. Those who want to learn a profession in the IT field should come in handy.



    Market as a whole


    Demand for IT professionals is growing, over the past two years, the percentage of job ads for them from all ads on HeadHunter has increased by 5.5%. The share of open positions for professionals without experience in 2018 amounted to 9% of all IT vacancies in the market, over two years it grew by almost a third. Those who manage to gain a foothold in the profession, within a year pass into the group that accounts for the bulk of the vacancies: more than half of all advertisements on the market are addressed to specialists with experience from one to three years.



    In the whole country, the median salary of an IT specialist last year was 92,000 rubles. The salary of a novice specialist is 46,000 rubles.



    In more than half of cases, employers do not indicate the amount of remuneration. However, in all considered sections (by city, required experience, specialties) there is a sufficient number of vacancies with declared salary, which allows us to draw conclusions about the level of salaries in the market as a whole.

    Regional features


    Most of all IT vacancies, of course, are in Moscow and St. Petersburg - in 2018, local employers published 95 thousand ads, 70% of the total number of ads in large cities. If you weigh the number of IT vacancies by the size of the local labor market, the most “IT” Russian city will be Novosibirsk: last year, about 72 vacancies related to IT were for a thousand job ads here. Moscow and Petersburg occupy second and third places.

    The fastest growing demand for IT professionals is growing in Perm: as compared to 2016, the share of IT vacancies in the local market increased by 15%, to 45 per thousand. In second place in terms of growth - Moscow, in third - Krasnodar.

    The salary level and the percentage of vacancies for beginners are markedly different from city to city. Most pay in Moscow and St. Petersburg. And the percentage of open positions for beginners in the capitals, on the contrary, is lower than in any other millionaire city.

    Salaries and work experience requirements in big cities





    Work in foreign companies


    Russian IT specialists are hired not only by domestic but also by foreign companies. The median salary in announcements of such vacancies is much higher - more than 220,000 rubles. However, the requirements for applicants are higher: newcomers account for only 3.5% of such vacancies, 24% for specialists with work experience from one to three years, the bulk of the proposals are addressed to employees with more than four years of experience.

    Working conditions


    The work of a programmer in a large Russian city is most often office and regular. Basically, companies are looking for full-time employees - for a standard five-day week or a shift schedule with a standardized day. A flexible schedule was offered only in 8.5% of ads published last year, remote work - in 9%.

    More experienced employees are usually sought for a remote job: more than half of such vacancies fall on the share of specialists with experience of more than four years. The share of vacancies for beginners is almost two times lower than in general in IT: less than 5%.



    Specialty


    There are a lot of specialties in the IT market. For this study, we identified the fifteen most popular and studied only them. Making up the top, we focused on the headings of the ads, that is, on how the employers themselves formulate who they are looking for. Strictly speaking, this is not the top of the specialties, but the top of the names of open positions.



    Over the studied period, the demand for IT professionals as a whole has grown, but this is not true for all professions. For example, although Java and PHP developers remain one of the most sought-after in the market, demand for them over the past two years has fallen by 13% and 21%, respectively. The share of ads for hiring iOS developers fell by 17%, the share of vacancies for writers for Android also decreased, but not so much, by less than 3%.

    For other specialists, demand, on the contrary, is growing. So, the demand for DevOps compared to 2016 increased by 70%. The share of vacancies for full-stack developers has doubled, for data science specialists - more than two. True, by the number of vacancies, these specialties occupy the last lines in the top 15.

    Front-end development stands out against the general background: there are more vacancies for these specialists than for anyone else in IT, and the demand for them only increases - in two years it has grown by 19.5%.

    Salaries and requirements for work experience in various specialties





    Beginning specialists are most likely to take in data science (data analysis or machine learning): the share of vacancies for candidates with less than a year of work experience is a quarter higher than in the market as a whole. Next come PHP development and testing. The lowest (less than 5%) share of vacancies for beginners in full-stack development and 1C.

    The highest level of salary offered in 2018 was among Java and Android developers, in both specialties the median was above 130,000 rubles. Next come DevOps engineers and iOS developers with a median above 120,000 rubles. Among novice specialists, iOS developers could count on the biggest rewards: in half of the ads they were promised more than 69,000 rubles. In second place are C ++ specialists (66,100 rubles), in third place are full-stack developers (63,200 rubles).

    Among the skills that employers often point out as key, over the past two years, demand for ownership of the React front-end library has grown most. Interest in specialists who know how to work with backend tools - Node.js, Spring and Django has significantly increased. Of the programming languages, Python added most of all - it began to be mentioned among key skills one and a half times more often.

    To get a portrait of a representative of each of the specialties, we examined job descriptions and identified a list of skills that employers most often indicate among the key ones. In addition to the most frequent, skills were identified, the demand for which began to grow noticeably over the past year. The screenshot below shows the portrait of the front-end developer. Other specializations can be viewed on the study page.https://yandex.ru/company/researches/2019/it-jobs#cards .


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