March 11, 2015 at 18:41Chinese ID cards. From dilapidated pieces of paper to an all-in-one card
The history of identity documents in China has always been particularly acute. The huge population has always forced the government to treat this problem with special care. Due to the fact that for four years now, ID-cards have been actively replaced with third-generation cards, which include a bank card, a transport card, a medical insurance policy, information about fingerprints, etc., I would like to to highlight what these documents are.
The official photo of the third-generation ID-card, as it were, tells us the main functions - a bank card, a fingerprint repository, an identity card
So, the official name is the Identity Card of a Citizen of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国 居民 身份证).
The situation with identity cards in the PRC with all the efforts of the authorities remained disastrous. A huge number of different types of identity cards made this situation even more difficult - identity cards of the Republic of China (1911-1949), ID cards of loyal citizens issued by the Japanese government during the occupation, various IDs of different provinces (primarily separatist-minded western provinces, especially Xinjiang, Tibet, Ningxia, etc.). All this made the normal identification of a citizen, in principle, impossible. What kind of identification, standardization of document management, paperwork, taxation can be discussed if more than 20 types of identification cards are valid in the country at the same time?
Identity card of the Republic of China (1911-1949). By his number you can judge how "spread" were identity cards at that time. Document No. 5757 with a population of several hundred million ...
Again, the solution to the problem dawned on the horizon only during the chairmanship of Deng Xiaoping, a truly legendary person who did not let the country fall into the abyss where Hu Yaobang and others like him confidently led him her from the garbage pit, where the great helmsman drove her. The fact that Mao has not even managed to enter a unified identification card for all the decades of rule speaks for itself. And until 1984, citizens of the People's Republic of China used everything that was obtained as identity cards — up to registration documents at a specific address.
The effect of this dwarf (Deng Xiaoping's height is 157 cm) on all his life in China is also indicated by the fact that when he had already retired and remained only the chairman of the All-China Bridge Federation, the entire Chinese elite, according to the writer, “caught every sneeze and every movement of the finger. " Well, okay, the topic is not about that.
One way or another, on April 6, 1984, the State Council of the PRC sent a notice to the Ministry of Public Security and at the same time published “Standards and Regulations on Identity Cards in the PRC”. On July 1, 1995, new identity cards entered the exploitation phase. Already by the time it took for the general photography of all citizens of the country, changing regulations, preparing technical support, one can judge how much work has been done. All citizens of the country were “documented,” and on January 1, 2004, with the commissioning of second-generation ID cards, they began to be decommissioned.
So he looked. Name, nationality, date of birth, place of issue, registration, validity and number.
Their value, again, is difficult to overestimate. For the first time in the history of China, it became possible to create a common database of the country's population, standardize workflow, conduct a normal population census, and so on and so forth. Although they are decommissioned, they are valid, and anywhere from the cash desk at the station to the tax one can choose the 1st or 2nd generation of identification cards.
I would like to dwell on the second generation in more detail, since now it is the main current document in the PRC. The first generation is almost completely out of service, and the third is just beginning to be put into operation.
So, it was put into operation (in the future I will call it masculine, since shenfenzhen (身份证） to Russian is transcribed in masculine gender) on January 1, 2001. At first glance, it contains the same information as the previous generation.
姓名 、 性别 、 民族 、 出生 日期 、 住地 、 公民 身份证 吗 - nothing more
The main difference from the previous generation is the integrated IC-card(Integrated Circuit Card). It contains all the same information as provided by the text, but in electronic form, which can be read by special devices. This is a huge step forward - when making a ticket at the station, the cashier does not need to dial all these numbers and names - just put the card on the reader. Get a printout of your tax return from the tax office in the self-service terminal by simply attaching it to the reader. In general, in all cases where citizen data is required, it is enough for an organization to acquire the necessary device.
You can purchase it on any site if you have permission to use it from the Ministry of Public Security
In practice, this means that where the minutes were spent, a couple of seconds are now spent. Given the population of China, it’s saving millions of man-hours and myriads of nerve cells.
God damn it, when I pick up a child from kindergarten, I just need to attach it to the reader at the entrance - and it will show me who his parents are.
Multifunctional terminal at the entrance to the kindergarten.
Naturally, I can’t say anything about the technical details. What data transfer technology is used, how many memory cells are in the card, data encryption, etc. In China, they turn a blind eye to many things, although it is prohibited by law (the same prostitution, the same gambling, etc.), but there are three types of crimes that are better not to commit here. Identity card fraud is one of them.
Oh well, I'm distracted again. The third generation of ID-cards contains:
1) textual information about name, nationality, date of birth, residence permit
2) photo
3) fingerprints
4) is a bank payment card
5) any other information according to the requirements of a citizen.
That is, the most impressive is the fact that anything can be added to it. Discount card for your fitness center? Yes please. A medical card with all your diseases - yes, no problem (Z.Y. This is a miracle of miracles when the doctor simply puts your Shenfengzhen on your reader and the history of your radiculitis is written there. Come to another hospital - the doctor reads what happened to you. Map travel by bus / metro - for God's sake - a purchase certificate, a travel ticket, a ticket - yes, anything, Apple, with its OFFER to integrate everything into the phone, didn’t stand by the Chinese government, which could ORDER provide an SDK for a specific network and integrat . Amb it in shenfenchzhen half billion potential users, and your service is integrated in their passport \ bank card - many dream about this.
In fact, while the third generation of cards, although it has been put into official operation, no one is holding it yet. Now the process of gradual integration of the main addition - fingerprints in various devices, alpha testing, etc. is underway. The main requirement for certification by the Ministry of Public Security is two-factor user identification - the IC chip itself in the card, which must be attached to the reader and fingerprint reading as the second stage of authorization. In the future, it will be possible to pay for a pack of cigarettes in a stall under the house by putting your finger to the terminal in the stall. And this is awesome.
PS
1) The laid out images of ID cards are completely legal according to 中华人民共和国 居民 身份证 法 - public information is Shenzhen number, gender of the owner, date of birth and place of issue, available on доступно 公民 身份证 号码 查询 服务 中心 - A nationwide database of identification card numbers . Shenfenzheng of the first generation (including their images) are invalid from January 1, 2004.
2) Scolding Mao Zedong is normal. Conduct fraud with ID-cards (and their images) - up to the death penalty.
3) Foil caps are definitely not for lovers in China. When I had problems with counterintelligence (purely because of my irrepressible curiosity, do not ask about anything), I looked at my personal file, which is accessible to any police officer in two clicks - everything was there, from the moment of crossing the border. From the hotels where I stayed when I went somewhere and bus tickets to the history of phone calls with the Play button for everyone
4) In addition to clause 2. I sincerely admire China, I sincerely admire how from the dunghill of 1949 they were able to reach today's peaks and I really want to live in this country and contribute to its prosperity. I admire the fact that the percentage of illiterates has dropped from 96% in 1949 to 6% in 2014. I admire that where the steam engine used to go (in 2004), CRH now flies at a speed of 300 km / h. I admire the fact that since 2000, power plants with a total capacity of about 150 GW were commissioned. I admire the construction of thousands of kilometers of high-speed roads in places where there were primers before. I admire that this is the third country that has its own orbital station. And the rest, and the rest and the rest without end ...
According to statistics, out of 100 visitors to China, 90 do not like him, 9 is neutral or positive. I belong to those who are completely imbued with it and have been ill for life.
5) Thank you 薛志 呜 for the fact that before handing over his Shenzhen 1st generation, he was not too lazy to take his photo.
Thanks for attention. I hope it was interesting.
The official photo of the third-generation ID-card, as it were, tells us the main functions - a bank card, a fingerprint repository, an identity card
So, the official name is the Identity Card of a Citizen of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国 居民 身份证).
The situation with identity cards in the PRC with all the efforts of the authorities remained disastrous. A huge number of different types of identity cards made this situation even more difficult - identity cards of the Republic of China (1911-1949), ID cards of loyal citizens issued by the Japanese government during the occupation, various IDs of different provinces (primarily separatist-minded western provinces, especially Xinjiang, Tibet, Ningxia, etc.). All this made the normal identification of a citizen, in principle, impossible. What kind of identification, standardization of document management, paperwork, taxation can be discussed if more than 20 types of identification cards are valid in the country at the same time?
Identity card of the Republic of China (1911-1949). By his number you can judge how "spread" were identity cards at that time. Document No. 5757 with a population of several hundred million ...
Again, the solution to the problem dawned on the horizon only during the chairmanship of Deng Xiaoping, a truly legendary person who did not let the country fall into the abyss where Hu Yaobang and others like him confidently led him her from the garbage pit, where the great helmsman drove her. The fact that Mao has not even managed to enter a unified identification card for all the decades of rule speaks for itself. And until 1984, citizens of the People's Republic of China used everything that was obtained as identity cards — up to registration documents at a specific address.
The effect of this dwarf (Deng Xiaoping's height is 157 cm) on all his life in China is also indicated by the fact that when he had already retired and remained only the chairman of the All-China Bridge Federation, the entire Chinese elite, according to the writer, “caught every sneeze and every movement of the finger. " Well, okay, the topic is not about that.
One way or another, on April 6, 1984, the State Council of the PRC sent a notice to the Ministry of Public Security and at the same time published “Standards and Regulations on Identity Cards in the PRC”. On July 1, 1995, new identity cards entered the exploitation phase. Already by the time it took for the general photography of all citizens of the country, changing regulations, preparing technical support, one can judge how much work has been done. All citizens of the country were “documented,” and on January 1, 2004, with the commissioning of second-generation ID cards, they began to be decommissioned.
So he looked. Name, nationality, date of birth, place of issue, registration, validity and number.
Their value, again, is difficult to overestimate. For the first time in the history of China, it became possible to create a common database of the country's population, standardize workflow, conduct a normal population census, and so on and so forth. Although they are decommissioned, they are valid, and anywhere from the cash desk at the station to the tax one can choose the 1st or 2nd generation of identification cards.
I would like to dwell on the second generation in more detail, since now it is the main current document in the PRC. The first generation is almost completely out of service, and the third is just beginning to be put into operation.
So, it was put into operation (in the future I will call it masculine, since shenfenzhen (身份证） to Russian is transcribed in masculine gender) on January 1, 2001. At first glance, it contains the same information as the previous generation.
姓名 、 性别 、 民族 、 出生 日期 、 住地 、 公民 身份证 吗 - nothing more
The main difference from the previous generation is the integrated IC-card(Integrated Circuit Card). It contains all the same information as provided by the text, but in electronic form, which can be read by special devices. This is a huge step forward - when making a ticket at the station, the cashier does not need to dial all these numbers and names - just put the card on the reader. Get a printout of your tax return from the tax office in the self-service terminal by simply attaching it to the reader. In general, in all cases where citizen data is required, it is enough for an organization to acquire the necessary device.
You can purchase it on any site if you have permission to use it from the Ministry of Public Security
In practice, this means that where the minutes were spent, a couple of seconds are now spent. Given the population of China, it’s saving millions of man-hours and myriads of nerve cells.
God damn it, when I pick up a child from kindergarten, I just need to attach it to the reader at the entrance - and it will show me who his parents are.
Multifunctional terminal at the entrance to the kindergarten.
Naturally, I can’t say anything about the technical details. What data transfer technology is used, how many memory cells are in the card, data encryption, etc. In China, they turn a blind eye to many things, although it is prohibited by law (the same prostitution, the same gambling, etc.), but there are three types of crimes that are better not to commit here. Identity card fraud is one of them.
Oh well, I'm distracted again. The third generation of ID-cards contains:
1) textual information about name, nationality, date of birth, residence permit
2) photo
3) fingerprints
4) is a bank payment card
5) any other information according to the requirements of a citizen.
That is, the most impressive is the fact that anything can be added to it. Discount card for your fitness center? Yes please. A medical card with all your diseases - yes, no problem (Z.Y. This is a miracle of miracles when the doctor simply puts your Shenfengzhen on your reader and the history of your radiculitis is written there. Come to another hospital - the doctor reads what happened to you. Map travel by bus / metro - for God's sake - a purchase certificate, a travel ticket, a ticket - yes, anything, Apple, with its OFFER to integrate everything into the phone, didn’t stand by the Chinese government, which could ORDER provide an SDK for a specific network and integrat . Amb it in shenfenchzhen half billion potential users, and your service is integrated in their passport \ bank card - many dream about this.
In fact, while the third generation of cards, although it has been put into official operation, no one is holding it yet. Now the process of gradual integration of the main addition - fingerprints in various devices, alpha testing, etc. is underway. The main requirement for certification by the Ministry of Public Security is two-factor user identification - the IC chip itself in the card, which must be attached to the reader and fingerprint reading as the second stage of authorization. In the future, it will be possible to pay for a pack of cigarettes in a stall under the house by putting your finger to the terminal in the stall. And this is awesome.
PS
1) The laid out images of ID cards are completely legal according to 中华人民共和国 居民 身份证 法 - public information is Shenzhen number, gender of the owner, date of birth and place of issue, available on доступно 公民 身份证 号码 查询 服务 中心 - A nationwide database of identification card numbers . Shenfenzheng of the first generation (including their images) are invalid from January 1, 2004.
2) Scolding Mao Zedong is normal. Conduct fraud with ID-cards (and their images) - up to the death penalty.
3) Foil caps are definitely not for lovers in China. When I had problems with counterintelligence (purely because of my irrepressible curiosity, do not ask about anything), I looked at my personal file, which is accessible to any police officer in two clicks - everything was there, from the moment of crossing the border. From the hotels where I stayed when I went somewhere and bus tickets to the history of phone calls with the Play button for everyone
4) In addition to clause 2. I sincerely admire China, I sincerely admire how from the dunghill of 1949 they were able to reach today's peaks and I really want to live in this country and contribute to its prosperity. I admire the fact that the percentage of illiterates has dropped from 96% in 1949 to 6% in 2014. I admire that where the steam engine used to go (in 2004), CRH now flies at a speed of 300 km / h. I admire the fact that since 2000, power plants with a total capacity of about 150 GW were commissioned. I admire the construction of thousands of kilometers of high-speed roads in places where there were primers before. I admire that this is the third country that has its own orbital station. And the rest, and the rest and the rest without end ...
According to statistics, out of 100 visitors to China, 90 do not like him, 9 is neutral or positive. I belong to those who are completely imbued with it and have been ill for life.
5) Thank you 薛志 呜 for the fact that before handing over his Shenzhen 1st generation, he was not too lazy to take his photo.
Thanks for attention. I hope it was interesting.
