基于FastAPI、Marzban与Docker集成的自动化VPN保护服务
FastAPI后端与Marzban集成,用于创建VPN用户,集成YooKassa处理支付,Resend发送邮件。用户注册、验证邮箱、支付后,即可即时获取vless密钥。异步SQLAlchemy架构支持并行处理Webhook、Marzban API请求和邮件发送,避免阻塞。
技术栈:Python 3.11、FastAPI、PostgreSQL、React 18 + Vite + Tailwind、通过Marzban使用XRay-core、Docker Compose + Nginx + Cloudflare。
系统架构
流量流向:Cloudflare → Nginx:静态React运行在:3000端口,API运行在:8080端口。FastAPI路由(/auth、/configs、/payment)与PostgreSQL、Marzban REST API、Resend和YooKassa/Plisio交互。
Marzban在Docker外部的主机上运行;容器通过桥接接口通信。
用户
↓ HTTPS
Cloudflare
↓
Nginx
/ → 前端:3000
/api/ → 后端:8080
↓
FastAPI → PostgreSQL | Marzban | Resend | YooKassa
数据库模型
关键实体:
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = "users"
id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
email: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(unique=True, index=True)
hashed_password: Mapped[str]
is_verified: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=False)
marzban_username: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(unique=True, nullable=True)
referral_code: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(unique=True, default=lambda: secrets.token_urlsafe(8))
trial_used: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=False)
email_verify_token: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(nullable=True, index=True)
class Subscription(Base):
__tablename__ = "subscriptions"
id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
plan: Mapped[str]
status: Mapped[str] # active | expired | pending
devices: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(default=1)
started_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(server_default=func.now())
expires_at: Mapped[datetime]
marzban_expire_ts: Mapped[int]
class Payment(Base):
__tablename__ = "payments"
id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("users.id"))
provider: Mapped[str] # yookassa | plisio
external_id: Mapped[str]
amount: Mapped[float]
status: Mapped[str] # pending | paid | failed
plan: Mapped[str]
months: Mapped[int]
Marzban集成
API令牌缓存
Marzban令牌一小时后过期。使用asyncio.Lock实现55分钟缓存,防止竞态条件:
class MarzbanService:
def __init__(self):
self._token: str | None = None
self._token_expires_at: float = 0
self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
async def get_token(self) -> str:
async with self._lock:
if self._token and time.time() < self._token_expires_at:
return self._token
self._token = await self._fetch_token()
self._token_expires_at = time.time() + 55 * 60
return self._token
创建VPN用户
async def create_user(self, username: str, months: int, days: int = 0) -> dict:
expire_ts = _months_to_timestamp(months)
if days:
expire_ts = int(datetime.now(timezone.utc).timestamp()) + days * 86400
payload = {
"username": username,
"proxies": {"vless": {"flow": "xtls-rprx-vision"}},
"inbounds": {"vless": ["VLESS Reality"]},
"expire": expire_ts,
"data_limit": 0,
"data_limit_reset_strategy": "no_reset",
}
async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=15) as client:
resp = await client.post(
f"{settings.MARZBAN_URL}/api/user",
json=payload,
headers=await self._headers(),
)
resp.raise_for_status()
return resp.json()
Marzban在links字段中返回一个可用的vless://...链接。
订阅续订
对于已过期的订阅,续订从当前时间开始:
async def extend_subscription(self, username: str, months: int) -> dict:
user = await self.get_user(username)
current_expire = user.get("expire") or 0
base = max(current_expire, int(time.time()))
base_dt = datetime.fromtimestamp(base, tz=timezone.utc)
# PUT /api/user/{username} 更新过期时间
YooKassa Webhook处理
幂等性至关重要:如果延迟超过10秒,YooKassa会重复发送Webhook。
async def activate_subscription(payment: Payment) -> None:
async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
result = await session.execute(select(Payment).where(Payment.id == payment.id))
fresh_payment = result.scalar_one()
if fresh_payment.status == "paid":
logger.info(f"支付 {payment.id} 已激活,跳过")
return
try:
await _do_activate(fresh_payment, session)
except Exception as e:
await session.rollback()
logger.error(f"激活失败: {e}", exc_info=True)
raise
使用独立于Webhook的新数据库会话。
Cloudflare的IP白名单:
client_ip = request.headers.get("CF-Connecting-IP") or request.headers.get("X-Forwarded-For", "").split(",")[0].strip() or request.client.host
allowed_prefixes = ("185.71.76.", "185.71.77.", "77.75.153.", "77.75.154.", "77.75.156.")
if client_ip not in {"77.75.156.11", "77.75.156.35"} and not any(client_ip.startswith(p) for p in allowed_prefixes):
raise HTTPException(403)
试用与验证
邮箱确认后提供3天VPN试用:
- 用户注册,通过邮件接收令牌。
- GET /verify-email/{token} 激活
is_verified=True。 - 后台任务创建Marzban用户,设置
days=3,标记trial_used=True。
检查:无活跃订阅且未使用过试用。
动态订阅与设备管理
额外设备购买(每个+99₽)在续订时保留:
extra_devices = max(0, existing_sub.devices - plan_cfg["devices"])
existing_sub.devices = plan_cfg["devices"] + extra_devices
价格:基础价格 + 额外设备数 * DEVICE_ADD_PRICE。
后台任务
使用APScheduler实现自动化:
- 每日报告(8:00)。
- 过期提醒(9:00)。
- 待处理支付检查(每5分钟)。
scheduler = AsyncIOScheduler(timezone="Europe/Moscow")
scheduler.add_job(send_daily_report, CronTrigger(hour=8, minute=0), id="daily_report")
Docker Compose问题
Ubuntu 22.04上的v1.29版本在重建时崩溃:KeyError: 'ContainerConfig'。解决方案:
docker-compose stop service
docker-compose rm -f service
docker-compose up -d service
关键要点
- 异步FastAPI + SQLAlchemy确保并发性,避免GIL问题。
- Webhook幂等性防止重复订阅。
- 带锁的Marzban令牌缓存最小化API请求。
- Cloudflare需要显式验证CF-Connecting-IP以用于YooKassa。
- 通过邮箱验证的试用限制滥用。
— Editorial Team
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