Object 221, reserve command post of the Black Sea Fleet

    While the people are discussing how many rockets it takes to destroy all life on the planet, I will tell you about how the command of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR (hereinafter referred to as the Black Sea Fleet) was going to escape in the event of an atomic war. For the information that is known about this project now, in Soviet times, at best, they would be sent to places not so remote. But the Soviet Union fell, and now this object is known to more than one tourist, in addition, you can visit it, which I actually did 2 times.

    Object 221 is a grandiose structure, which is located directly in the mountain on the southern part of the Crimean peninsula, not far from Balaklava. The height was chosen 495 meters, according to geological exploration, the mountain was a rock, without faults and cavities. The “roof” of the rock above the bunker is 180 meters.
    In the event of an atomic catastrophe, fleet managers as well as the state elite vacationing in Crimea, possibly with their families, could move to this refuge and stay in it autonomously for about 30 years, simultaneously “firing” rockets in response.

    Colonel S. A. Polotsky relates:
    “In an underground structure under a 180-meter rock mass, a communications center was supposed to be located, providing communications via satellites to ships located anywhere in the World Ocean, an information and computing center, an autonomous life support system — a power plant, water and fuel tanks, and a ventilation system and air regeneration, kitchen-dining room, first-aid post. The internal premises could accommodate hundreds of specialist staff officers, signalmen, maintenance staff. ”


    Excerpts from the book of V.B. Ivanova "Secrets of the Underground":
    “One of the important tasks facing the Black Sea Fleet by the beginning of the 80s was the creation of a new, modern, protected naval command post. The planned secret facility was to become the largest defensive structure in the southern strategic direction. Deep underground bunker, from which in the event of a thermonuclear war the combat control of the fleet was to be conducted. On an undeveloped site, in the rocky soil of the hill, in 1977 tunneling work began on the construction of the facility.

    In the underground structure, under a 180-meter stratum of rock, a communication center was supposed to be located, providing communications via satellites to ships located anywhere in the world’s oceans, an information and computing center, an autonomous life support system - a power plant, water and fuel tanks, a ventilation system, and air regeneration, kitchen-dining room, first-aid post. The internal premises could accommodate hundreds of specialists - staff officers, signalmen, maintenance personnel. The offensive on the earth's bowels lasted nearly five years. During this time, hundreds of meters of concrete corridors-terns were laid in the mountain range.

    Underground, in a confined space, had to mount four-story buildings. For this, a technology of metal insulation and sealing of welds was developed. Such work was entrusted only to highly qualified welders, each seam was illuminated by an X-ray machine.

    The underground area of ​​the 3-block protected command post of the Black Sea Fleet was more than 13,500 m2, and the area of ​​the multi-tiered underground premises of the complex reached -22,000 m2. The length of the pedestrian corridors of the complex exceeded three and a half kilometers, and the volume of underground premises exceeded 80,000 m3.

    All underground mining was carried out in compliance with the rules of careful camouflage. False equipment was exposed, false clearings and roads were laid. A legend was created to build a ground-based training center. Roads were laid to disguise the object under a forest plot. The input portals were given the appearance of the facades of two-story houses. The windows of the second floor were painted with black paint. In the photographs taken from spy satellites, the office buildings in the restricted area were no different from the nearby Alsu pioneer camp.

    Today, the unfinished underground command post belongs to the Ukrainian state, the authorities are studying the issue of the further use of “another masterpiece of Russian fortification”.


    When the facility was ready for 90%, the collapse of the USSR occurred, Ukraine could not afford such an expensive project, and Russia did not need it. As a result, in 1992, funding ceased, the guard was removed, until 1998, according to some rumors, the crime scene was held by criminal authorities (they say to train their fighters), and after the death of one of them in 1998, the final plunder began, it is still ongoing.

    In order to perform such a difficult task as hollowing out a rock, a construction battalion was specially formed to which the specialists of Donetskshakhtprokhodka, who already had experience in building concrete mines for ballistic missiles, joined. First, the experts “drilled” two 182 meter shafts from top to bottom (on the “Ventilation Shaft” map), they did it in 1 year, and the next year they started moving horizontally. All walls inside the shelter and the trunks were sheathed with 8mm steel, thereby ensuring tightness and strength. The total mass of metal was calculated in kilotons!

    Sectional diagram


    The object itself began to be built in 1977, the highest government when choosing the site for the construction of the bunker was based on the Drop Drop American plan of the nuclear attack, which implied that 12 nuclear warheads would be dropped on Sevastopol, on Inkerman on Balaklava, and the rest on the city itself, in which located the Black Sea Fleet management. In turn, the ZKP (Spare Command Post) had to withstand this blow.

    10 years before 1987, all construction activities were completed. Builders began laying cables, ennoble the premises, installing secret equipment. Since there were 3 levels, (zero level - communication) there were messages between them through the stairs, there were no elevators. Total according to some data, the area of ​​all premises amounted to 13.5 thousand m 2, and according to other data, 17.5 thousand m 2.

    It is known that at a secret construction site the workers of the platoon of midshipman T. Pavlyuk were recognized the best. The main reward for the work were orders and passing pennants.

    Until 1982, it was possible to hollow out two 130-meter blocks 16 meters high and 16 meters wide, where 2 conditional four-story houses were built. In addition, there are other large underground rooms: 120x10x12 m - it is believed that the water tank, two 20x10x12 m - are considered garbage compartments. The rest of the area is a huge number of corridors and rooms, as well as compartments flooded with mountain water.

    For a more thorough concealment, a legend was invented that a Black Sea training base was being built in this place. A four-story dormitory is being built next to the object, and several civil buildings have garages, a dining room, etc.

    Although talking about the "training center" was not serious because the size of the construction site was simply huge. Colonel S. A. Polotsky (with co-authors) in the book "Military Builders of the Black Sea Fleet" writes:
    “On an undeveloped site, in the rocky ground of the hill, in 1977 tunneling work began for the construction of the CP fleet ... For the sinking of the first vertical shaft ... in the complete absence of approach and access roads, any engineering communications, the unit of the Donetskshakhtoprohodka trust was chosen ... This The department specialized in sinking vertical barrels for missile systems throughout the Soviet Union and had extensive experience working in autonomous facilities. The team of the construction site dealt with the task on time and with the high quality of work ... The first vertical shaft 180 meters deep was used for horizontal sinking as a ventilation shaft, which greatly accelerated the pace of drilling and blasting.
    In parallel with the start of mining operations, the KP design, which had no analogues at the Black Sea Fleet, was led by the Moscow Design Institute ...
    On the horizontal sinking of the underground part of the KP, the specialized construction organization of the Kharkovmetrostroy trust worked - a highly qualified team of machine operators, drillers, demolition workers with a powerful production base. They built their own concrete plant, well-equipped workshops for the manufacture of various metal structures, a woodworking workshop, a stationary compressor station for supplying compressed air to rotary hammers, rock loaders and concrete pumps ... The
    staff of the ShPSU continued the vertical penetration of the barrel No. 2 - head A. I. Simakov (Balaklava - D.K.) ... "


    If you look at the plan of the bunker, you can see that its schematic basis is the letter "A". Communication with the world in 3 places, ventilation, and two 500 meters in losses that end with portals. At the entrance, they were blocked by anti-atomic armor doors with lock chambers. Two shafts with a diameter of 4.5 meters go to the top, they lead to the top of the mountain and were used to take air and output communication cables to the antenna. Through these mines there were also exits to the surface, spiral staircases were built along them. Everything was blocked by valves, hatches, etc. to protect inhabitants from poisonous gases and radioactive dust. Through the same mines, communication to the antennas was to be brought out, for communication with ships and submarines.

    Volumetric scheme

    If you move along the highway Sevastopol - Yalta, you can stumble upon an abandoned mine beyond which there is a turn, the road of which rises a little, and goes somewhere up. It’s not easy to drive along this road because at the entrance there immediately hangs a “brick” sign telling us that traffic is prohibited further. At the same time, on the other side of the road there is a sign “Morozovka” settlement. The “brick” hangs apparently in order to frighten once again that it’s better not to meddle further, otherwise how do the residents of the village pass through this sign? We skip the sign and move on. If you look at the map, then there should be a pioneer camp further down the road, in fact, there are pioneer leaders with machine guns, i.e. military unit. Most likely, when the “object 221” was built and developed, this part provided security and secrecy, in the 70s and 80s they would not have let me in even for a “brick”, and an uncle with a gun would politely ask me not to interfere with my duty. Although at that time the road Sevastopol - Yalta was closed by posts, since Sevastopol was a closed city.

    Near the "children's camp" is a tourist camp "Alsu", I visited this place 2 times, and both times it was spring, so no tourists were found on it.

    You can get by car to KPP1, where the road is carefully cut and the barrier is locked. They say this is the efforts of an evil forester with whom it is better not to meet. We leave the car here. Further on foot, we take lanterns, warm clothes and move on. A winding road on asphalt tracks from caterpillars and heavy machinery - marks of looting. We reach KPP2, here is a small dilapidated house in which security guards served. On the road further, after about 15-20 minutes we reach the first portal (western), if you go further along the road you can see the second portal (eastern) where you could drive by car before, now it is covered with construction waste. You can log in through both portals.

    Almost all maps of the facility wandering around the Internet are marked “reactor well”, there is a lot of controversy, some of the presence of the reactor is called funny and impossible, and the rest are discussing the installation of a reactor from a submarine. Nevertheless, it is known for certain that there is a room where diesel-generator sets stood. But their use in such a large period of battery life is doubtful.

    If you look at the object from the satellite, the following picture opens ( link to Google maps ):

    Object Map

    The route from the road itself is indicated by a pink line.

    Tires are scattered throughout the ZKP, some visitors say they saw that they were pulling used bins inside the bunker. tires, and then they are lit there to get scrap.

    Object photo

    Transition between blocks, service inscriptions still remain. The size of the entrance tunnels is such that KAMAZ can easily pass there.

    Blocks

    A piece of wall by the floor, which shows a mountain monolith, and it is clear how powerful the work was done by the builders.

    Wall

    We met another group that walked from the other side, let me remind you that there is complete darkness, and if you stop talking, you can only hear splashing drops in the puddles. In this photo on the floor you can see the remnants of partitions that were destroyed to uproot metal from them.

    Room

    Shutter release and flashlight. All metal from the walls was removed and taken out; someone was not sickly enriched at this facility. I'm not talking about secret equipment and many kilometers of cables that we managed to get and install here.

    Poterns

    Poterns

    A multi-level communication shaft on which the remains of metal are still visible, although partially already cut.

    Inter-Level Communications

    One of the entrance portals (western), disguised as a house with painted windows. The second is almost the same window, too, painted, apparently from reconnaissance aircraft and satellite photos.

    Western portal

    Metal cutters shot by comrades from Kharkov tourist.kharkov.ua/phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=5812 I

    Metal cutter

    advise everyone to visit this bunker as long as possible :)

    Used literature, and links where you can still read about the object:
    sevdig.sevastopol.ws/ stat / alsu.html "KP is closed. Everything was scrapped ”
    strannik.crimea.ua/content/view/52/1 “ Some additions to the secrets surrounding underground Sevastopol ”
    abonent99.at.tut.by/zkp221/zkp221.html Report on a visit to “Object No. 221”
    tourist.kharkov.ua/phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=5812 ZKP PF (Object 221)
    ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Reserve_command_point_Black_Flot_Wikipedia page
    docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0AT9UK8G_yP1UZGhoYnM4bXBfMzNnZnNuMmZkYg&hl=en link to a copy of this article on Google Docs was annoying :) just in case :)


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