Red Hogwarts. Series 6. Shooter
Today in issue: Praetorian Guard of the Revolution, when the Persian Cossacks revolted, resident with cocaine, the secret of the first left, and much more
When I was engaged in the Minor Demon, I mean Vakhtang Tigranovich Ter-Oganesov, I got caught ... I already wanted to say the word “curious”, but not really. Not at all the curious document was caught, the “bureaucratic common bureaucrat” came across. This is order No. 192 of the Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute of October 23, 1931: “To approve the Methodological Bureau of the Geophysical Department as of 22 / X 31 as follows: M.F. Dumpis. - Chairman Metodbyuro; Shpigel S.A. - Secretary Metodbyuro; Metodybyuro members: Zaborovsky AI, Ter-Oganezov V.T., Bonchkovsky V.F., Baranov V.I., Levshin V.L., Sorokin L.V., Malyshev N.P. and two representatives from the student organizations. AND ABOUT. Director MGRI Mitrofanov " .
So what's interesting about it, you ask? Interesting in it - the name of the chairman, I will answer you. When I write to Wikipedia an article about Max (he is Mark) Frantsevich (aka Fritsevich) Dumpis (aka Dumbis and Dumpeis), immediately under the last name I will have to issue a list of professions that are not well matched:
Dumpis, Max Frantsevich - famous Soviet revolutionary , military leader, orientalist, diplomat, intelligence officer and geophysicist.
And all this is true. In the biography of this man, the "Consul General of the USSR in Kashgar" peacefully replaces "a student of the Moscow Mining Academy", "a resident of Soviet intelligence in Mazar-i-Sharif" does not interfere in the least with "the rector of the Moscow Mining Institute" and "the brigade commander of the 170th brigade of the 57th rifle division the fourth army of the Western Front of the Red Army ”is quite compatible with the“ Senior Researcher of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the group of technical physics ”.
This time, dear readers. It was such a time and such people.
The plot of the first warrior: "Berzini, Sporgisa, Klyavini ..."
Born comrade Dumpis in the Courland province of the Russian Empire in a poor Latvian family. However, the word "poor" in this case is unnecessary - an indecent proverb about a Latvian, who has only hell and soul, I think everyone has heard. And the saying does not lie - the phrase “rich Latvian” was then an oxymoron, something like “hot snow” or “an honest banker”. The fact is that from time immemorial and up to the beginning of the 20th century in all present Baltic countries the East Germans have always and all ruled. They have always occupied more or less decent positions and places. And Latvians ...
Best of all, their status is described by Boris Godunov’s quote. He, accepting refugees from Livonia, poisoned by Poles, comforted them, just like their own father:“Do not grieve, we will give you again three times more than what you had there. We will make you, nobles, princes, and you, tradesmen and children of serving people, will be boyars. And your Latvians and coachmen will be free people in our country too . ” And if you think that something has changed since the seventeenth century, you are mistaken. At the end of the XIXth century, Dostoevsky in “Crime and Punishment” wrote: “... my sister would rather go to the planter in the Negroes or to the Germans in the East Germans, than to undermine her spirit and moral feeling ...” . And only at the beginning of the 20th century did something change ...
But I digress. Max Dumpis, like the overwhelming majority of Latvians, has worked as a pig since his early years, and in his youth was tired of this really ungrateful occupation. He was so tired that, having earned at least some money, at the age of 19, he fled to Riga, where he entered polytechnic courses - Max Frantsevich always wanted to become an engineer.
Learning failed, prevented the Second World War - so then called the First World War. The call, front, trenches, parapets, louses ... An intelligent and educated boy was noticed, and sent to study as a non-commissioned officer - so Max became a cadet of the Gatchina military school. As for the issue, non-commissioned officer Dumpis fought in the 4th Latvian Vidzeme Rifle Regiment - during the war, as we know, at the suggestion of the commander of the North-Western Front, Mikhail Alekseev, and at the call of State Duma deputies Janis Goldmanis and Janis Zalitis, Latvians began to form national military units . The fighters of these battalions received a name that will soon remain forever in Russian history - the “Latvian arrows”.
Here is a photo of the soldiers of this regiment. In the center is the father-commander of our hero, a career officer of the Russian army, a graduate of the Vilna infantry cadet school Colonel Anton Petrovich Zeltin.
Mom and dad, however, called Anton Petrovich Ansis Zeltynshem. For this reason, the officer of the Border Guard who received three orders in Russian-Japanese and Vladimir with bows for battles in Galicia in the new war and was transferred to the infantry, to the post of commander of the infantry 4th Vidzeme rifle battalion. The commander, by the way, was good, the soldier was ashore and didn’t hide behind his back, for which his subordinates first awarded him the St. George's Cross of the IV degree, and then, becoming red Latvian riflemen, several times fought off Zeltynsha from the Chekists, who wanted to arrest someone who was stuck in Russia by injury. gold mines ".
In general, of course, the Latvian arrows are a phenomenon not fully explained. Latvians have always been an unusually peaceful people, some kind of provincial poor but homely hobbits who never bring up djigits or samurai boys. But it was the Russian revolution that glorified them for centuries, and the phrase “Latvian arrows” was learned by the entire former empire - from the Pacific Ocean to the Bug, from Murmansk to Ashkhabad. They were everywhere - the most loyal, the most disciplined and the most combat-ready parts of the Bolsheviks, it was the Latvians who were thrown into the most difficult sections. And they - pulled!
These silent round-headed guys, all these sporgis and Kalnins with unpronounceable surnames, have seen little in life, except for their farms, and the endless peasant work from light to dark. But in the Great Dream, professed by the Bolsheviks, they believed the way only incredulous stubborn peasants can believe - blindly and forever. The peasant of those times differed little from cattle in his way of life, but man therefore surpasses animals, sometimes raising his head and looking at the sky.
Building the Kingdom of Justice throughout the entire territory of this rotten world was a great mission. In a business worthy of giving all the blood for him drop by drop. These phlegmatic farm guys were ready to die at any moment, and therefore everyone was afraid of them - the violent "bratushki" from the Baltic cruisers, and the frenzied Basmachi with their crooning dialect, and the cheeky Little Russian "batki" with trimmed and tachanka.
Berzini, Sporgys, Klyavini ... The
years of people melted down.
Grind. Glorified.
Shook up. Relaxed.
And they divided them into two:
not according to the gods,
not according to nations,
not according to family sympathies,
but along fronts and according to parties.
With coughing up blood and blizzards,
time asked everyone:
“Who are you for?”
Lentsmans, Lepini, Krastii
went like in youth -
in red!
And they froze - engaged -
sometimes in the guards at Smolny,
then on a
pierced parapet ... Clenched fists hardened, the
farmhands and the comfrey walked
into the red- horseded equestrians.
Not for church hymns,
not because they figured it out:
where is more satisfying ...
Max Dumpis also believed. He believed once and for all, and after that he no longer felt sorry - he did not spare anyone, and first of all himself. Unter Dumpis became a Bolshevik long before the revolution, back in February 1917. A year later, Comrade Dumpis was appointed by the Moscow provincial military commissar. Incidentally, many Latvians have been in this position - Berzin Oskar Mikhailovich, Peche Yan Yakovlevich, Berzin Eduard Petrovich ...
They honestly fought wherever the Revolution sent them, and at the end of 1918 they went to beat off their Latvia, forming the 1st Rifle Division of the Army of Soviet Latvia from the Latvian regiments. He was also there - a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of Latarmia and the Riga Revolutionary Committee, then a military commissar of the operational management of the Headquarters of the Western Front. He fought like never before, but the Germans, Estonians and Poles still squeezed them out of their homeland, forced them to go back to Russia.
However, the Revolution has no nationality, and he served it to the best of his ability — he fought Denikin, then commanded the 10th and 170th brigades on the Polish front. Everything was just like in the song:
On the Don and in Zamost
, white bones
smolder, Breeders rustle over the bones.
They remember the chieftains dogs,
They
remember our Polish lords Konarmeyskie our blades.
The order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 68 by which the commander of the 170 brigade of the 57th rifle division Dumpis Mark (as in the decree) Frantsevich was awarded the Order of the Red Banner became the end of his life in the military incarnation. Then it was not even a Hero of the Soviet Union, but much cooler. As another student at Hogwarts wrote, " in those days, orders were not awarded at all often ."
And in the second half of 1921 our order bearer was recalled from the army and sent to work at the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs. Not even from the ship to the ball, but from the trench to the floor.
The plot of the second, a diplomat: "When the Persian Cossacks rebelled ..."
In a new, diplomatic, incarnation, he was thrown like a puppy into the water. They threw, as in the river, into the Big Game.
The term “Great Game” (Great Game), by the way, was first used exclusively by the English, first appearing in the letters of the English officer Arthur Conolly, one of the most famous participants in this conflict of the Russian and British empires in Central Asia. The Russians used to call the Big Game the “Tournament of Shadows” - that was what the then foreign minister of the Russian Empire, Count Karl Nesselrode, called this perennial battle of secret agents, daring field intelligence agents and seemingly imperturbable diplomats.
But the Russians did not have their own Shadows Tournament painter, and the English had the great skald of the empire Rudyard Kipling, who celebrated the Great Game in his most famous novel, Kim. Remember the prophetic words of one of the heroes of the novel: “Only when everyone dies will the Great Game end”? Conolly, by the way, didn’t claim copyright: by the time Kim was published, more than half a century had passed since that tragic day for Britain, when Colonel Charles Stoddart and Captain Arthur Conrolly, who had been sitting in the zindan for more than a year, were cut off from the main square of Bukhara heads. It was cut off - in Turkestan, the heads were never cut, as in barbarous Europe or Russia, but they only carefully divided one vertebra from another with a thin knife.
I will not talk about all the ups and downs of the renaissance of the Great Game in the early years of Soviet power, for this we need a book, if not a multi-volume. Only at a gallop I will run through those episodes in which our hero took direct part.
His first diplomatic duty station was the position of Consul General of the RSFSR in Tabriz, which Dumpis held from September 1921 to January 1923. Tabriz is in Persia. Persia, in the imperial period, became an honestly divided “buffer country”, the northern part of which was controlled by Russia, and the southern part - by Great Britain. But the revolution has lost everything.
The Bolsheviks, in their hatred of imperial politics and other bourgeois colonialism, first withdrew Russian expeditionary forces from Iran and annulled all Russian-Iranian agreements. The Englishmen, delighted in full accordance with the main principle of world politics, “asshopped - lost the place!” Quickly occupied the former zone of Russian influence, used it as a springboard for intervention in the Caucasus and Transcaspian areas of Turkestan, and actually occupied Persia in general.
“Oh, how are you?” - the Bolsheviks were offended and organized the Gilan Soviet Socialist Republic to the Persian puppet regime.
Bilingual wall newspaper "ROSTA": Long live Mirza Kutshek Khan, June 27, 1920
Nobody remembers that now either, and then Ordzhonikidze and Raskolnikov left Baku on the ships of the Volga-Caspian military flotilla and headed for the port of Bandar-Enzeli, where the ships hijacked during the evacuation by the defeated White Guards. Then the victorious workers of the Soviet Transcaucasia were actively cutting themselves with the British and White Guard troops that controlled the city, and they still drove them out of the port, regaining their ships. Meanwhile, Iranian communists occupied the city of Rasht, the capital of Gilan province, under the guise, declared the Persian Soviet Republic and began the creation of the Persian Red Army. However, in all this mess the further, the higher the star Reza-khan Pahlevi rises
Purebred Persian, Reza was born in the family of a small landowner officer, and in 1900 entered the service as an ordinary machine gunner in the Persian Cossack Division. The fact is that during the active phase of the Anglo-Russian struggle for influence in Persia, the Persian Cossack Brigade was created in the capital in 1879 (in 1916 it became a division). The “Iranian Cossacks” were commanded by Russian officers and constables, and the personnel at the initial stage were mostly staffed by so-called Muhajirs, descendants of Caucasian highlanders, primarily Circassians, who emigrated after the Russian conquest of the Caucasus to neighboring Muslim countries. However, not only them. One of the most famous "Cossacks" became Persian Reza Khan, who began serving as an ordinary Cossack and served as a colonel. By virtue of this feature of his biography, the future Persian monarch spoke Russian fluently.
Behind the machine gun, the dashing Cossack Reza Pahlavi
However, by the time our hero appeared in Persia, the jolly began to slowly subside. Reza Khan, who displaced the Russian commander of the Cossack division in 1920 and took his place, a year later, with the help of fellow Cossacks, fought the city of Persia, Tehran, and was appointed military governor and commander-in-chief, and after a while - military minister.
The city of Tabriz, in which our hero became a consul, had a long and glorious tradition of rebellion. As recently as April 1920, an uprising against the ruling country of the “British minions”, which was defeated in September of the same year in the city of Tebriz, rose in the whole of northern Iran under the leadership of Sheikh Mohammed Khiabani. However, even in the 22nd, the active struggle for power in Iran did not even think to subside. The former Latvian shooter Max Dupis took part in it.
Here is what Yury Alexandrovich Demin wrote in his dissertation, “The Communist Party of Iran, its activities and relations with the Comintern”.
“At the beginning of February 1922, an uprising of gendarmes led by Major Lakhuti, who was present in Baku at the Congress of the Peoples of the East, began in Tabriz. The rebels demanded the expulsion of the British from Iran and the removal of Reza Khan from the post of minister of war ... But when the gendarmes defeated the Cossack units and took the city, the Communists decided to join the movement and take the leadership in their hands. The Consul of the RSFSR in Tabriz Dumbis (as in the text - VN), apparently at his own risk, agreed to the communists joining the uprising and promised them help with military equipment. "
The uprising, of course, was defeated, Reza Khan did not forget the betrayal of the Soviet consul in 1923, when Pahlevi became prime minister, Dumpis had to leave Persia. However, he subsequently wrote several works on the national minorities of Iran, which made him a prominent Soviet orientalist and are still quoted.
In February 1923, another victory of Soviet diplomacy took place - the Consulate General of the USSR was established in Mazar-i-Sharif (Afghanistan). Soon there was appointed the first Soviet consul - Max Frantsevich Dumpis. At that time, the Soviet colony in Afghanistan was ruled by USSR plenipotentiary Fedor Raskolnikov (the same naval commander) and his wife Larisa Reisner - the “valkyrie of the Revolution”, the prototype of the woman commissar in Optimistic tragedy and the “most beautiful Bolshevik”, which makes men crazy.
However, Dumpis, who lived on the outskirts of Mazar-i-Sharif, almost did not know them, and soon the authorities changed - first Reisner ran away from her husband, and then Raskolnikov was recalled to his homeland and replaced by the post of Leonid Nikolayevich Stark.
But Dumpis, I repeat, was far from all these intrigues. During his time as consul in 1924, he actively assisted the expedition of Academician N.I. Vavilov, who spoke very warmly of him in a letter to Academician Oldenburg. Cooperation with Vavilov continued and later - in 1927. M.F. Dumpis sent the academician a rich material of seeds of cotton and flax, collected by him in Kashgaria. Later, these seeds were sown at the southern experimental stations IPBiNK, and the plants were carefully studied by Vavilov before traveling to Xinjiang together with botanist MG. Popov in June – August 1929
In Afghanistan, another important event took place - being at the position of consul in Mazar-i-Sharif, Max Dumpis became the official resident of the Soviet intelligence, accepting the proposal emanating from a staff member of the Foreign Department (OIT) of the OGPU GS. Agabekov, who worked in Afghanistan under the cover of the post of assistant to the head of the press bureau of the USSR Embassy in Kabul. It is interesting that the decision of Dumpis to combine diplomacy with service in another department could also be influenced by the national factor. Agabekov was an Armenian, but the top leadership was selected as a special one. In 1922, under the NKVD of the RSFSR, the Eastern Division was created as part of the Secret Operational Directorate of the GPU. Jacobs (Yakov Khristoforovich) Peters, plenipotentiary representative of the Cheka in Turkestan, was appointed as its head, and Pedemar (Vladimir Andreevich) Styrne, deputy chairman of the Cheka, was recalled from Tashkent.
Agabekov, who later became a defector (like Raskolnikov, by the way), argued in his memoirs in Berlin that Dumpis in Mazar-i-Sharif did not conduct any intelligence activities, but “exclusively engaged in cocaine consumption”:
“I reported this to Stark and he He promised to take measures to replace Dumpis with another person. Indeed, a month after our arrival, Dumpis was recalled to Moscow, ” says G.S. Agabekov. This statement, however, is in bad agreement with further events, since after Mazar-i-Sharif, Dumpis not only did not incur any punishment, but also was appointed to the post of consul general in Kashgaria. And this position, unlike the barely established consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif, has always been considered one of the key ones in Central Asia - since pre-revolutionary times.
It was not by chance that the first Kashgarian consul was the long-term participant of the Great Game, the experienced wolf of intelligence and diplomacy Nikolai Petrovsky. And there was also an amazing person (like all the heroes of this essay, where from everyone - an adventure novel write). In his youth, he was a political prisoner, who spent a considerable time “for politics” in the casemates of the Peter and Paul Fortress. On the slope of life - a man who knew and respected all the country's top leaders, including the emperor, a gentleman of a fair number of orders, and not only Russian ones. One of the think tanks of the Game, sitting in a godly forgotten Kashgar, he was, as his opponents wrote the British, "one of the most knowledgeable people in the nuances of world politics." The British, by the way, generally scared Petrovsky novice scouts.
But let us return to the Soviet heir to the “big consul,” as the Kashgarians called Petrovsky. At the time of finding MF. Dumpis in Kashgar (July 1925 - March 1928) his work on the participation in the Central Asian Expedition of Nicholas Roerich was best known. That same “expedition about the Mahatma of Lenin”, which still causes the most fierce srachs on the topic “Have you found Shambhala, have you sold Roerich to the OGPU and who was the first one on the left below - Chekist Blumkin or Ladak Ramzan?”.
I will not tell the whole story - otherwise this essay will never end, you read it yourself, at least in Wikipedia. I will only note that the Soviet consul Dumpis actively assisted the expedition, despite the fact that none of its participants was a Soviet citizen. As it is known, on the arrival of the expedition to Khotan she was detained by the governor of Xinjiang for almost three months. Unlike the Consul General of Britain in Kashgar, Major GVB Gillan, M.F. Dumpis at first refused to enter the conflict, stating to his British colleague that he “cannot participate in the proceedings, because he knows nothing about the professor’s right to enter the country and the purposes of his stay . ”
However, soon the Soviet consul was already in active correspondence with Nicholas Roerich, sending all his letters to Moscow and personally meeting with Governor Wah Yin and seeking from him a firm promise to release the travelers from custody. The first to whom the visit came to Kashgar Roerich was Dumpis. They talked for many hours, talked about different things, discussed Soviet newspapers suggested by Dumpis, and after this conversation, the previously convinced anti-Soviet Roerichs again say strange things. So, from Kashgar, Elena Ivanovna Roerich wrote to friends about America about the Soviet Union: “The construction there was wonderful, and the reverence that surrounded the teacher’s name of Lenin especially touched us ... Truly, this is a new country, and the teacher’s dawn burns brightly”. It is believed that it was through Dumpis that Nikolai Konstantinovich conveyed the famous letter to Chicherin, the very thing that begins with the words "You probably already know that for a number of years on the instructions of Ilyich I have been engaged in the application of religions to communism ..." .
The same photograph with the “first from the left”, or, officially, a photograph from the expedition passport to Beijing, issued by the Chinese governor in Urumqi in 1926 during the Central Asian expedition N. Roerich.
The author of the book about Roerich in the ZHZL series, Maxim Dubayev, directly links the resignation of Dumpis with the expedition’s activities:“However, the governor-general of the Chinese province of Xinjiang was not as simple as it seemed at first glance. Having received information from the British about the allegedly anti-Chinese activity of the Roerichs, he ordered those foreigners who had helped N. K. Roerich and his expedition to be expelled from the territory of Xinjiang. First on this list, of course, was the Soviet consul in Kashgar, MF. Dumpis, he really managed to help the Roerichs leave Khotan and find themselves in Urumqi. ”
One way or another, but in 1928, the former shooter Max Frantsevich Dumpis resigns from his post as general consul in Kashgar and leaves the diplomatic arena forever.
Third plot, geophysicist: “It must equally be a geologist and a physicist ...”
What happened to our hero in the late 20s, why he began his life virtually anew - remains a mystery. Whether he was expelled from intelligence and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the scandal, whether he himself left, knowing that it was these areas that would be the first to go under the knife — I don't know. But the fact remains that in 1928 the recent hero of the Great Game peacefully works in the section of water management of the USSR State Planning Committee. At the same time, he unexpectedly for many enters the Moscow Mining Academy, it seems he remembered the youthful desire to become an engineer. At Hogwarts was one of the most notable students, he studies at the geological survey department, after the division of the academy into six independent universities in 1930, he remained at the MGRI, the geophysical department of which ends in 1932. The institute did not quit, remained in the same place on the teaching work. However, as we remember Back in October 1931, a student, MF. Dumpis was appointed Chairman of the Methodological Bureau and Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Geophysics.
The dean (and creator) of the geophysical department of the MGRI was then the scientific adviser M.F. Dumpisa Alexander Ignatievich Zaborovsky, one of the founders of domestic exploratory geophysics, the founder of the Moscow geophysical school, whose monograph “Geophysical methods of exploration” was the first in the Union textbook on applied geophysics. By the way, he and Dumpis were practically the same age - a few months of difference, only they twisted everyone's life in their own way and twisted them by the age of forty — who was a professor, who was a graduate student.
Here they are, sitting side by side.
Zaborovsky, by the way, also didn’t ride in oil - this native of the village of Gorodets, in the St. Petersburg province, was poor as a church mouse, and starting from the fifth grade of the gymnasium, he himself earned his living from his lessons and drawing works. In St. Petersburg University I studied only three courses, then due to material difficulties I was forced to quit my studies. He never received a higher education, but by 1917 he became one of the best practicing magnetologists in the country. Starting in 1919, he participated in the Hunt for the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, eventually becoming one of the main characters of these epic searches for the largest iron deposit on Earth.
But back to his age-old student. In 1932, the ex-resident, who became a geophysicist, takes part in the legendary I All-Union Geophysical Conference, speaks there in the debate.
At the end of the same year, he led a complex expedition of physical reconnaissance methods in Yakutia. In general, Dumpice's scientific career was not bad, for a man who started almost at the 40th century - even very well. In 1933-1935, while continuing to teach at the Ordzhonikidze MGRI (another naval commander personally known to him), Dumpis worked at the Main Geological Prospecting Directorate of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry. In 1936, he left the alma mater and from December 1936 to March 1937, he served as the rector of the Moscow Mining Institute, another fragment of the Mining Academy, which became its successor. In this post, Dumpis, by the way, replaced Alexander Mitrofanovich Terpigorev - the former head of the Mining and Fuel Division of the Trade and Industry Administration of the government of General A.I. Denikin. Then Terpigorev headed the Mining Department in the Wrangel government, then he was the recognized leader of all the miners of Hogwarts and the long-term dean of their faculty, and by the 37th he was already a doctor of science and a venerable "full academic". And so he remained a glorified order bearer and chief Soviet mining scientist until his death in 1959.
Dumpis, by the way, also eventually went to the Academy of Sciences - from July 1937 he performed the duties of a research associate of the USSR Academy of Sciences "with a monthly probation period", a year later he became a senior research assistant of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Technical Physics Group.
And then the past caught up with him and jumped onto his shoulders.
At the end of November 1937 they took a group of Soviet intelligence officers headed by Jan Karlovich Berzin and Oscar Ansovich Stigga. In one case, they went with them:
Zvonarev (Zvaygzne) Konstantin Kirillovich, born in 1892, Latvian, former non-commissioned officer, member of the Communist Party since 1908, in the Red Army from 1919, in Intelligence Agency from 1920, colonel, lieutenant Chief of the 8th Division, a major intelligence theorist;
Ozolin Eduard Yanovich, born in 1898, Latvian, clerk of the tsarist army, member of the Communist Party since 1919, in the Intelligence Agency since 1927, head of the "Sh" branch, regimental commissar;
Yanberg (Perkon) Ernst Karlovich, born in 1897, Latvian, member of the Communist Party from 1917, in the Red Army from 1918, in the Intelligence Agency from 1922, deputy head of the 10th division, brigade commissar;
Tytyn Jan Alfred Matisovich, born in 1897, Latvian, former second lieutenant, member of the Communist Party since 1917, in the Red Army from 1918, in Intelligence Agency from 1922, at the time of arrest was in possession of Intelligence Agency.
Tel Wilhelm Maksimovich (Schulze Georg Maksovich), born in 1906, German, in Intelligence Agency from 1928, in the Red Army from 1929, member of the CPSU (b) from 1930, radio operator Intelligence;
Kirchenstein Rudolf Martynovich (Prince), born in 1891, member of the RSDLP since 1907, ensign of the tsarist army, awarded the Order of the Red Banner (1931), colonel ...
Is the principle clear, I think?
Among those arrested was Gruzdup Waldemar Khristoforovich, according to his biography, practically the twin of our hero. Latvian. From the peasants. He graduated from the Riga City College, the school of warrant warrant. At the front since 1915. The commander of the company of the 6th Tukums Latvian rifle regiment. In the party since July 1917. In the Red Army from 1918. Actively participated in the formation of units of the Red Army. He fought in Civil, went to fight for Latvia (Assistant Chief of the Regional Staff of the Army of Soviet Latvia), then in the intelligence department of the Red Army. From January 1923 - authorized the 7th branch of the Secret Department of the OGPU, consul of the USSR in China, Lithuania, Japan. In responsible work in the organs of the OGPU. In general, everything is the same as that of Dumpis, only without the last “scientific” fork.
And this very Voldemar Gruzup during interrogations could not stand it, and began to prick. It’s really hard to read the summary:
TRADE - b. Worker RU RKKA. Interrogated NIKONOV.
Additionally he named the participants of the spy-fascist-Latvian organization, with whom he personally was associated: [...] In addition, the GRUZDUP named the members of the fascist organization working in civilian institutions:
1. SEISUM - diplomatic courier of the NKID; 2. DUMPIS - engineer, working in the geological and exploration management of the People's Commissariat; 3. THE BAY - the secretary of the deputy. Commissar of Foreign Affairs STOMONYAKOV; 4. PERLE - Artist of the Latvian Drama Theater in Moscow; 5. ASHAK - deputy. Commissar of Soc. provision of the Belarusian SSR; 6. BREDIS - beg. Foreign department of Glavlit of the RSFSR ...
Senior Researcher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Max Frantsevich Dumpis was arrested on the eve of Lutheran Christmas, on the night of December 23-24, 1937. Two months later, on February 19, 1938, he was convicted of espionage and participation in an anti-Soviet terrorist organization. He was shot on the same day at the Kommunarka training ground near Moscow, dividing the fate of almost all his accomplices.
Over peaked roofs,
over the Daugava, inaudible,
over cobblestone pavement,
over wining markets,
over enlightened Riga,
through window sashes
on school essays,
brown front gardens, snow falls
on an electric train to Bulduri ... And out of it, like a haze, people go
huge - not at all the shadows are
not ghosts.
Watching
quietly and intently,
looking
through the wind pushy ...
Wait no enthusiasm,
no honors,
no praises
for deeds ...
Pray for smallness:
remember!
Deposits, Looters, Lutsis
gave all the Revolutions.
All that could.
The essay used poems by Alexei Surkov and Robert Rozhdestvensky.
When I was engaged in the Minor Demon, I mean Vakhtang Tigranovich Ter-Oganesov, I got caught ... I already wanted to say the word “curious”, but not really. Not at all the curious document was caught, the “bureaucratic common bureaucrat” came across. This is order No. 192 of the Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute of October 23, 1931: “To approve the Methodological Bureau of the Geophysical Department as of 22 / X 31 as follows: M.F. Dumpis. - Chairman Metodbyuro; Shpigel S.A. - Secretary Metodbyuro; Metodybyuro members: Zaborovsky AI, Ter-Oganezov V.T., Bonchkovsky V.F., Baranov V.I., Levshin V.L., Sorokin L.V., Malyshev N.P. and two representatives from the student organizations. AND ABOUT. Director MGRI Mitrofanov " .
So what's interesting about it, you ask? Interesting in it - the name of the chairman, I will answer you. When I write to Wikipedia an article about Max (he is Mark) Frantsevich (aka Fritsevich) Dumpis (aka Dumbis and Dumpeis), immediately under the last name I will have to issue a list of professions that are not well matched:
Dumpis, Max Frantsevich - famous Soviet revolutionary , military leader, orientalist, diplomat, intelligence officer and geophysicist.
And all this is true. In the biography of this man, the "Consul General of the USSR in Kashgar" peacefully replaces "a student of the Moscow Mining Academy", "a resident of Soviet intelligence in Mazar-i-Sharif" does not interfere in the least with "the rector of the Moscow Mining Institute" and "the brigade commander of the 170th brigade of the 57th rifle division the fourth army of the Western Front of the Red Army ”is quite compatible with the“ Senior Researcher of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the group of technical physics ”.
This time, dear readers. It was such a time and such people.
The plot of the first warrior: "Berzini, Sporgisa, Klyavini ..."
Born comrade Dumpis in the Courland province of the Russian Empire in a poor Latvian family. However, the word "poor" in this case is unnecessary - an indecent proverb about a Latvian, who has only hell and soul, I think everyone has heard. And the saying does not lie - the phrase “rich Latvian” was then an oxymoron, something like “hot snow” or “an honest banker”. The fact is that from time immemorial and up to the beginning of the 20th century in all present Baltic countries the East Germans have always and all ruled. They have always occupied more or less decent positions and places. And Latvians ...
Best of all, their status is described by Boris Godunov’s quote. He, accepting refugees from Livonia, poisoned by Poles, comforted them, just like their own father:“Do not grieve, we will give you again three times more than what you had there. We will make you, nobles, princes, and you, tradesmen and children of serving people, will be boyars. And your Latvians and coachmen will be free people in our country too . ” And if you think that something has changed since the seventeenth century, you are mistaken. At the end of the XIXth century, Dostoevsky in “Crime and Punishment” wrote: “... my sister would rather go to the planter in the Negroes or to the Germans in the East Germans, than to undermine her spirit and moral feeling ...” . And only at the beginning of the 20th century did something change ...
But I digress. Max Dumpis, like the overwhelming majority of Latvians, has worked as a pig since his early years, and in his youth was tired of this really ungrateful occupation. He was so tired that, having earned at least some money, at the age of 19, he fled to Riga, where he entered polytechnic courses - Max Frantsevich always wanted to become an engineer.
Learning failed, prevented the Second World War - so then called the First World War. The call, front, trenches, parapets, louses ... An intelligent and educated boy was noticed, and sent to study as a non-commissioned officer - so Max became a cadet of the Gatchina military school. As for the issue, non-commissioned officer Dumpis fought in the 4th Latvian Vidzeme Rifle Regiment - during the war, as we know, at the suggestion of the commander of the North-Western Front, Mikhail Alekseev, and at the call of State Duma deputies Janis Goldmanis and Janis Zalitis, Latvians began to form national military units . The fighters of these battalions received a name that will soon remain forever in Russian history - the “Latvian arrows”.
Here is a photo of the soldiers of this regiment. In the center is the father-commander of our hero, a career officer of the Russian army, a graduate of the Vilna infantry cadet school Colonel Anton Petrovich Zeltin.
Mom and dad, however, called Anton Petrovich Ansis Zeltynshem. For this reason, the officer of the Border Guard who received three orders in Russian-Japanese and Vladimir with bows for battles in Galicia in the new war and was transferred to the infantry, to the post of commander of the infantry 4th Vidzeme rifle battalion. The commander, by the way, was good, the soldier was ashore and didn’t hide behind his back, for which his subordinates first awarded him the St. George's Cross of the IV degree, and then, becoming red Latvian riflemen, several times fought off Zeltynsha from the Chekists, who wanted to arrest someone who was stuck in Russia by injury. gold mines ".
In general, of course, the Latvian arrows are a phenomenon not fully explained. Latvians have always been an unusually peaceful people, some kind of provincial poor but homely hobbits who never bring up djigits or samurai boys. But it was the Russian revolution that glorified them for centuries, and the phrase “Latvian arrows” was learned by the entire former empire - from the Pacific Ocean to the Bug, from Murmansk to Ashkhabad. They were everywhere - the most loyal, the most disciplined and the most combat-ready parts of the Bolsheviks, it was the Latvians who were thrown into the most difficult sections. And they - pulled!
These silent round-headed guys, all these sporgis and Kalnins with unpronounceable surnames, have seen little in life, except for their farms, and the endless peasant work from light to dark. But in the Great Dream, professed by the Bolsheviks, they believed the way only incredulous stubborn peasants can believe - blindly and forever. The peasant of those times differed little from cattle in his way of life, but man therefore surpasses animals, sometimes raising his head and looking at the sky.
Building the Kingdom of Justice throughout the entire territory of this rotten world was a great mission. In a business worthy of giving all the blood for him drop by drop. These phlegmatic farm guys were ready to die at any moment, and therefore everyone was afraid of them - the violent "bratushki" from the Baltic cruisers, and the frenzied Basmachi with their crooning dialect, and the cheeky Little Russian "batki" with trimmed and tachanka.
Berzini, Sporgys, Klyavini ... The
years of people melted down.
Grind. Glorified.
Shook up. Relaxed.
And they divided them into two:
not according to the gods,
not according to nations,
not according to family sympathies,
but along fronts and according to parties.
With coughing up blood and blizzards,
time asked everyone:
“Who are you for?”
Lentsmans, Lepini, Krastii
went like in youth -
in red!
And they froze - engaged -
sometimes in the guards at Smolny,
then on a
pierced parapet ... Clenched fists hardened, the
farmhands and the comfrey walked
into the red- horseded equestrians.
Not for church hymns,
not because they figured it out:
where is more satisfying ...
Max Dumpis also believed. He believed once and for all, and after that he no longer felt sorry - he did not spare anyone, and first of all himself. Unter Dumpis became a Bolshevik long before the revolution, back in February 1917. A year later, Comrade Dumpis was appointed by the Moscow provincial military commissar. Incidentally, many Latvians have been in this position - Berzin Oskar Mikhailovich, Peche Yan Yakovlevich, Berzin Eduard Petrovich ...
They honestly fought wherever the Revolution sent them, and at the end of 1918 they went to beat off their Latvia, forming the 1st Rifle Division of the Army of Soviet Latvia from the Latvian regiments. He was also there - a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of Latarmia and the Riga Revolutionary Committee, then a military commissar of the operational management of the Headquarters of the Western Front. He fought like never before, but the Germans, Estonians and Poles still squeezed them out of their homeland, forced them to go back to Russia.
However, the Revolution has no nationality, and he served it to the best of his ability — he fought Denikin, then commanded the 10th and 170th brigades on the Polish front. Everything was just like in the song:
On the Don and in Zamost
, white bones
smolder, Breeders rustle over the bones.
They remember the chieftains dogs,
They
remember our Polish lords Konarmeyskie our blades.
The order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 68 by which the commander of the 170 brigade of the 57th rifle division Dumpis Mark (as in the decree) Frantsevich was awarded the Order of the Red Banner became the end of his life in the military incarnation. Then it was not even a Hero of the Soviet Union, but much cooler. As another student at Hogwarts wrote, " in those days, orders were not awarded at all often ."
And in the second half of 1921 our order bearer was recalled from the army and sent to work at the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs. Not even from the ship to the ball, but from the trench to the floor.
The plot of the second, a diplomat: "When the Persian Cossacks rebelled ..."
In a new, diplomatic, incarnation, he was thrown like a puppy into the water. They threw, as in the river, into the Big Game.
The term “Great Game” (Great Game), by the way, was first used exclusively by the English, first appearing in the letters of the English officer Arthur Conolly, one of the most famous participants in this conflict of the Russian and British empires in Central Asia. The Russians used to call the Big Game the “Tournament of Shadows” - that was what the then foreign minister of the Russian Empire, Count Karl Nesselrode, called this perennial battle of secret agents, daring field intelligence agents and seemingly imperturbable diplomats.
But the Russians did not have their own Shadows Tournament painter, and the English had the great skald of the empire Rudyard Kipling, who celebrated the Great Game in his most famous novel, Kim. Remember the prophetic words of one of the heroes of the novel: “Only when everyone dies will the Great Game end”? Conolly, by the way, didn’t claim copyright: by the time Kim was published, more than half a century had passed since that tragic day for Britain, when Colonel Charles Stoddart and Captain Arthur Conrolly, who had been sitting in the zindan for more than a year, were cut off from the main square of Bukhara heads. It was cut off - in Turkestan, the heads were never cut, as in barbarous Europe or Russia, but they only carefully divided one vertebra from another with a thin knife.
I will not talk about all the ups and downs of the renaissance of the Great Game in the early years of Soviet power, for this we need a book, if not a multi-volume. Only at a gallop I will run through those episodes in which our hero took direct part.
His first diplomatic duty station was the position of Consul General of the RSFSR in Tabriz, which Dumpis held from September 1921 to January 1923. Tabriz is in Persia. Persia, in the imperial period, became an honestly divided “buffer country”, the northern part of which was controlled by Russia, and the southern part - by Great Britain. But the revolution has lost everything.
The Bolsheviks, in their hatred of imperial politics and other bourgeois colonialism, first withdrew Russian expeditionary forces from Iran and annulled all Russian-Iranian agreements. The Englishmen, delighted in full accordance with the main principle of world politics, “asshopped - lost the place!” Quickly occupied the former zone of Russian influence, used it as a springboard for intervention in the Caucasus and Transcaspian areas of Turkestan, and actually occupied Persia in general.
“Oh, how are you?” - the Bolsheviks were offended and organized the Gilan Soviet Socialist Republic to the Persian puppet regime.
Bilingual wall newspaper "ROSTA": Long live Mirza Kutshek Khan, June 27, 1920
Nobody remembers that now either, and then Ordzhonikidze and Raskolnikov left Baku on the ships of the Volga-Caspian military flotilla and headed for the port of Bandar-Enzeli, where the ships hijacked during the evacuation by the defeated White Guards. Then the victorious workers of the Soviet Transcaucasia were actively cutting themselves with the British and White Guard troops that controlled the city, and they still drove them out of the port, regaining their ships. Meanwhile, Iranian communists occupied the city of Rasht, the capital of Gilan province, under the guise, declared the Persian Soviet Republic and began the creation of the Persian Red Army. However, in all this mess the further, the higher the star Reza-khan Pahlevi rises
Purebred Persian, Reza was born in the family of a small landowner officer, and in 1900 entered the service as an ordinary machine gunner in the Persian Cossack Division. The fact is that during the active phase of the Anglo-Russian struggle for influence in Persia, the Persian Cossack Brigade was created in the capital in 1879 (in 1916 it became a division). The “Iranian Cossacks” were commanded by Russian officers and constables, and the personnel at the initial stage were mostly staffed by so-called Muhajirs, descendants of Caucasian highlanders, primarily Circassians, who emigrated after the Russian conquest of the Caucasus to neighboring Muslim countries. However, not only them. One of the most famous "Cossacks" became Persian Reza Khan, who began serving as an ordinary Cossack and served as a colonel. By virtue of this feature of his biography, the future Persian monarch spoke Russian fluently.
Behind the machine gun, the dashing Cossack Reza Pahlavi
However, by the time our hero appeared in Persia, the jolly began to slowly subside. Reza Khan, who displaced the Russian commander of the Cossack division in 1920 and took his place, a year later, with the help of fellow Cossacks, fought the city of Persia, Tehran, and was appointed military governor and commander-in-chief, and after a while - military minister.
The city of Tabriz, in which our hero became a consul, had a long and glorious tradition of rebellion. As recently as April 1920, an uprising against the ruling country of the “British minions”, which was defeated in September of the same year in the city of Tebriz, rose in the whole of northern Iran under the leadership of Sheikh Mohammed Khiabani. However, even in the 22nd, the active struggle for power in Iran did not even think to subside. The former Latvian shooter Max Dupis took part in it.
Here is what Yury Alexandrovich Demin wrote in his dissertation, “The Communist Party of Iran, its activities and relations with the Comintern”.
“At the beginning of February 1922, an uprising of gendarmes led by Major Lakhuti, who was present in Baku at the Congress of the Peoples of the East, began in Tabriz. The rebels demanded the expulsion of the British from Iran and the removal of Reza Khan from the post of minister of war ... But when the gendarmes defeated the Cossack units and took the city, the Communists decided to join the movement and take the leadership in their hands. The Consul of the RSFSR in Tabriz Dumbis (as in the text - VN), apparently at his own risk, agreed to the communists joining the uprising and promised them help with military equipment. "
The uprising, of course, was defeated, Reza Khan did not forget the betrayal of the Soviet consul in 1923, when Pahlevi became prime minister, Dumpis had to leave Persia. However, he subsequently wrote several works on the national minorities of Iran, which made him a prominent Soviet orientalist and are still quoted.
In February 1923, another victory of Soviet diplomacy took place - the Consulate General of the USSR was established in Mazar-i-Sharif (Afghanistan). Soon there was appointed the first Soviet consul - Max Frantsevich Dumpis. At that time, the Soviet colony in Afghanistan was ruled by USSR plenipotentiary Fedor Raskolnikov (the same naval commander) and his wife Larisa Reisner - the “valkyrie of the Revolution”, the prototype of the woman commissar in Optimistic tragedy and the “most beautiful Bolshevik”, which makes men crazy.
However, Dumpis, who lived on the outskirts of Mazar-i-Sharif, almost did not know them, and soon the authorities changed - first Reisner ran away from her husband, and then Raskolnikov was recalled to his homeland and replaced by the post of Leonid Nikolayevich Stark.
But Dumpis, I repeat, was far from all these intrigues. During his time as consul in 1924, he actively assisted the expedition of Academician N.I. Vavilov, who spoke very warmly of him in a letter to Academician Oldenburg. Cooperation with Vavilov continued and later - in 1927. M.F. Dumpis sent the academician a rich material of seeds of cotton and flax, collected by him in Kashgaria. Later, these seeds were sown at the southern experimental stations IPBiNK, and the plants were carefully studied by Vavilov before traveling to Xinjiang together with botanist MG. Popov in June – August 1929
In Afghanistan, another important event took place - being at the position of consul in Mazar-i-Sharif, Max Dumpis became the official resident of the Soviet intelligence, accepting the proposal emanating from a staff member of the Foreign Department (OIT) of the OGPU GS. Agabekov, who worked in Afghanistan under the cover of the post of assistant to the head of the press bureau of the USSR Embassy in Kabul. It is interesting that the decision of Dumpis to combine diplomacy with service in another department could also be influenced by the national factor. Agabekov was an Armenian, but the top leadership was selected as a special one. In 1922, under the NKVD of the RSFSR, the Eastern Division was created as part of the Secret Operational Directorate of the GPU. Jacobs (Yakov Khristoforovich) Peters, plenipotentiary representative of the Cheka in Turkestan, was appointed as its head, and Pedemar (Vladimir Andreevich) Styrne, deputy chairman of the Cheka, was recalled from Tashkent.
Agabekov, who later became a defector (like Raskolnikov, by the way), argued in his memoirs in Berlin that Dumpis in Mazar-i-Sharif did not conduct any intelligence activities, but “exclusively engaged in cocaine consumption”:
“I reported this to Stark and he He promised to take measures to replace Dumpis with another person. Indeed, a month after our arrival, Dumpis was recalled to Moscow, ” says G.S. Agabekov. This statement, however, is in bad agreement with further events, since after Mazar-i-Sharif, Dumpis not only did not incur any punishment, but also was appointed to the post of consul general in Kashgaria. And this position, unlike the barely established consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif, has always been considered one of the key ones in Central Asia - since pre-revolutionary times.
It was not by chance that the first Kashgarian consul was the long-term participant of the Great Game, the experienced wolf of intelligence and diplomacy Nikolai Petrovsky. And there was also an amazing person (like all the heroes of this essay, where from everyone - an adventure novel write). In his youth, he was a political prisoner, who spent a considerable time “for politics” in the casemates of the Peter and Paul Fortress. On the slope of life - a man who knew and respected all the country's top leaders, including the emperor, a gentleman of a fair number of orders, and not only Russian ones. One of the think tanks of the Game, sitting in a godly forgotten Kashgar, he was, as his opponents wrote the British, "one of the most knowledgeable people in the nuances of world politics." The British, by the way, generally scared Petrovsky novice scouts.
But let us return to the Soviet heir to the “big consul,” as the Kashgarians called Petrovsky. At the time of finding MF. Dumpis in Kashgar (July 1925 - March 1928) his work on the participation in the Central Asian Expedition of Nicholas Roerich was best known. That same “expedition about the Mahatma of Lenin”, which still causes the most fierce srachs on the topic “Have you found Shambhala, have you sold Roerich to the OGPU and who was the first one on the left below - Chekist Blumkin or Ladak Ramzan?”.
I will not tell the whole story - otherwise this essay will never end, you read it yourself, at least in Wikipedia. I will only note that the Soviet consul Dumpis actively assisted the expedition, despite the fact that none of its participants was a Soviet citizen. As it is known, on the arrival of the expedition to Khotan she was detained by the governor of Xinjiang for almost three months. Unlike the Consul General of Britain in Kashgar, Major GVB Gillan, M.F. Dumpis at first refused to enter the conflict, stating to his British colleague that he “cannot participate in the proceedings, because he knows nothing about the professor’s right to enter the country and the purposes of his stay . ”
However, soon the Soviet consul was already in active correspondence with Nicholas Roerich, sending all his letters to Moscow and personally meeting with Governor Wah Yin and seeking from him a firm promise to release the travelers from custody. The first to whom the visit came to Kashgar Roerich was Dumpis. They talked for many hours, talked about different things, discussed Soviet newspapers suggested by Dumpis, and after this conversation, the previously convinced anti-Soviet Roerichs again say strange things. So, from Kashgar, Elena Ivanovna Roerich wrote to friends about America about the Soviet Union: “The construction there was wonderful, and the reverence that surrounded the teacher’s name of Lenin especially touched us ... Truly, this is a new country, and the teacher’s dawn burns brightly”. It is believed that it was through Dumpis that Nikolai Konstantinovich conveyed the famous letter to Chicherin, the very thing that begins with the words "You probably already know that for a number of years on the instructions of Ilyich I have been engaged in the application of religions to communism ..." .
The same photograph with the “first from the left”, or, officially, a photograph from the expedition passport to Beijing, issued by the Chinese governor in Urumqi in 1926 during the Central Asian expedition N. Roerich.
The author of the book about Roerich in the ZHZL series, Maxim Dubayev, directly links the resignation of Dumpis with the expedition’s activities:“However, the governor-general of the Chinese province of Xinjiang was not as simple as it seemed at first glance. Having received information from the British about the allegedly anti-Chinese activity of the Roerichs, he ordered those foreigners who had helped N. K. Roerich and his expedition to be expelled from the territory of Xinjiang. First on this list, of course, was the Soviet consul in Kashgar, MF. Dumpis, he really managed to help the Roerichs leave Khotan and find themselves in Urumqi. ”
One way or another, but in 1928, the former shooter Max Frantsevich Dumpis resigns from his post as general consul in Kashgar and leaves the diplomatic arena forever.
Third plot, geophysicist: “It must equally be a geologist and a physicist ...”
What happened to our hero in the late 20s, why he began his life virtually anew - remains a mystery. Whether he was expelled from intelligence and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the scandal, whether he himself left, knowing that it was these areas that would be the first to go under the knife — I don't know. But the fact remains that in 1928 the recent hero of the Great Game peacefully works in the section of water management of the USSR State Planning Committee. At the same time, he unexpectedly for many enters the Moscow Mining Academy, it seems he remembered the youthful desire to become an engineer. At Hogwarts was one of the most notable students, he studies at the geological survey department, after the division of the academy into six independent universities in 1930, he remained at the MGRI, the geophysical department of which ends in 1932. The institute did not quit, remained in the same place on the teaching work. However, as we remember Back in October 1931, a student, MF. Dumpis was appointed Chairman of the Methodological Bureau and Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Geophysics.
The dean (and creator) of the geophysical department of the MGRI was then the scientific adviser M.F. Dumpisa Alexander Ignatievich Zaborovsky, one of the founders of domestic exploratory geophysics, the founder of the Moscow geophysical school, whose monograph “Geophysical methods of exploration” was the first in the Union textbook on applied geophysics. By the way, he and Dumpis were practically the same age - a few months of difference, only they twisted everyone's life in their own way and twisted them by the age of forty — who was a professor, who was a graduate student.
Here they are, sitting side by side.
Zaborovsky, by the way, also didn’t ride in oil - this native of the village of Gorodets, in the St. Petersburg province, was poor as a church mouse, and starting from the fifth grade of the gymnasium, he himself earned his living from his lessons and drawing works. In St. Petersburg University I studied only three courses, then due to material difficulties I was forced to quit my studies. He never received a higher education, but by 1917 he became one of the best practicing magnetologists in the country. Starting in 1919, he participated in the Hunt for the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly, eventually becoming one of the main characters of these epic searches for the largest iron deposit on Earth.
But back to his age-old student. In 1932, the ex-resident, who became a geophysicist, takes part in the legendary I All-Union Geophysical Conference, speaks there in the debate.
At the end of the same year, he led a complex expedition of physical reconnaissance methods in Yakutia. In general, Dumpice's scientific career was not bad, for a man who started almost at the 40th century - even very well. In 1933-1935, while continuing to teach at the Ordzhonikidze MGRI (another naval commander personally known to him), Dumpis worked at the Main Geological Prospecting Directorate of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry. In 1936, he left the alma mater and from December 1936 to March 1937, he served as the rector of the Moscow Mining Institute, another fragment of the Mining Academy, which became its successor. In this post, Dumpis, by the way, replaced Alexander Mitrofanovich Terpigorev - the former head of the Mining and Fuel Division of the Trade and Industry Administration of the government of General A.I. Denikin. Then Terpigorev headed the Mining Department in the Wrangel government, then he was the recognized leader of all the miners of Hogwarts and the long-term dean of their faculty, and by the 37th he was already a doctor of science and a venerable "full academic". And so he remained a glorified order bearer and chief Soviet mining scientist until his death in 1959.
Dumpis, by the way, also eventually went to the Academy of Sciences - from July 1937 he performed the duties of a research associate of the USSR Academy of Sciences "with a monthly probation period", a year later he became a senior research assistant of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Technical Physics Group.
And then the past caught up with him and jumped onto his shoulders.
At the end of November 1937 they took a group of Soviet intelligence officers headed by Jan Karlovich Berzin and Oscar Ansovich Stigga. In one case, they went with them:
Zvonarev (Zvaygzne) Konstantin Kirillovich, born in 1892, Latvian, former non-commissioned officer, member of the Communist Party since 1908, in the Red Army from 1919, in Intelligence Agency from 1920, colonel, lieutenant Chief of the 8th Division, a major intelligence theorist;
Ozolin Eduard Yanovich, born in 1898, Latvian, clerk of the tsarist army, member of the Communist Party since 1919, in the Intelligence Agency since 1927, head of the "Sh" branch, regimental commissar;
Yanberg (Perkon) Ernst Karlovich, born in 1897, Latvian, member of the Communist Party from 1917, in the Red Army from 1918, in the Intelligence Agency from 1922, deputy head of the 10th division, brigade commissar;
Tytyn Jan Alfred Matisovich, born in 1897, Latvian, former second lieutenant, member of the Communist Party since 1917, in the Red Army from 1918, in Intelligence Agency from 1922, at the time of arrest was in possession of Intelligence Agency.
Tel Wilhelm Maksimovich (Schulze Georg Maksovich), born in 1906, German, in Intelligence Agency from 1928, in the Red Army from 1929, member of the CPSU (b) from 1930, radio operator Intelligence;
Kirchenstein Rudolf Martynovich (Prince), born in 1891, member of the RSDLP since 1907, ensign of the tsarist army, awarded the Order of the Red Banner (1931), colonel ...
Is the principle clear, I think?
Among those arrested was Gruzdup Waldemar Khristoforovich, according to his biography, practically the twin of our hero. Latvian. From the peasants. He graduated from the Riga City College, the school of warrant warrant. At the front since 1915. The commander of the company of the 6th Tukums Latvian rifle regiment. In the party since July 1917. In the Red Army from 1918. Actively participated in the formation of units of the Red Army. He fought in Civil, went to fight for Latvia (Assistant Chief of the Regional Staff of the Army of Soviet Latvia), then in the intelligence department of the Red Army. From January 1923 - authorized the 7th branch of the Secret Department of the OGPU, consul of the USSR in China, Lithuania, Japan. In responsible work in the organs of the OGPU. In general, everything is the same as that of Dumpis, only without the last “scientific” fork.
And this very Voldemar Gruzup during interrogations could not stand it, and began to prick. It’s really hard to read the summary:
TRADE - b. Worker RU RKKA. Interrogated NIKONOV.
Additionally he named the participants of the spy-fascist-Latvian organization, with whom he personally was associated: [...] In addition, the GRUZDUP named the members of the fascist organization working in civilian institutions:
1. SEISUM - diplomatic courier of the NKID; 2. DUMPIS - engineer, working in the geological and exploration management of the People's Commissariat; 3. THE BAY - the secretary of the deputy. Commissar of Foreign Affairs STOMONYAKOV; 4. PERLE - Artist of the Latvian Drama Theater in Moscow; 5. ASHAK - deputy. Commissar of Soc. provision of the Belarusian SSR; 6. BREDIS - beg. Foreign department of Glavlit of the RSFSR ...
Senior Researcher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Max Frantsevich Dumpis was arrested on the eve of Lutheran Christmas, on the night of December 23-24, 1937. Two months later, on February 19, 1938, he was convicted of espionage and participation in an anti-Soviet terrorist organization. He was shot on the same day at the Kommunarka training ground near Moscow, dividing the fate of almost all his accomplices.
Over peaked roofs,
over the Daugava, inaudible,
over cobblestone pavement,
over wining markets,
over enlightened Riga,
through window sashes
on school essays,
brown front gardens, snow falls
on an electric train to Bulduri ... And out of it, like a haze, people go
huge - not at all the shadows are
not ghosts.
Watching
quietly and intently,
looking
through the wind pushy ...
Wait no enthusiasm,
no honors,
no praises
for deeds ...
Pray for smallness:
remember!
Deposits, Looters, Lutsis
gave all the Revolutions.
All that could.
The essay used poems by Alexei Surkov and Robert Rozhdestvensky.
