Hogweed Sosnowski. In MO introduced fines for distribution

On November 1, 2018, the Moscow Region, without declaring war (declared a couple of years earlier), introduced financial sanctions. Against the owners of the territories providing a base for the spread of the hogweed Sosnovsky . Hooray!

True, I wonder who will pay for the titanic plantation of the Hogweed between Sheremetyevo and the Aeroexpress string. A plantation that welcomes guests and residents of Moscow immediately upon arrival in the white-stone. Millions of fines grow there.

What is the hogweed Sosnovsky and why it is necessary to fight him. How to do it. How to do this is not necessary. As well as scientific and pseudoscientific facts in a boringly popular presentation.

Instead of intro (you can skip)

I had long been planning to write an article on Hicktimes, however, about a completely different invasive plant.

But Giktimes has already merged with Habr, and I still "collected material." And then infopovod talk about systemic fight against bio-zasantsami . I honestly waited - suddenly, someone else would take upon himself the honorable mission of driving a skating rink of a nauchpop on Herkules grass. And here I am, from ambush, with an article on the topic. But, alas, it is necessary to write horshevik himself.

Warning: I am never a nerd (in the best sense of the word). Therefore, everything in this article is a compilation of foreign sources (including non-scientific sources) and conclusions on such a shaky basis. In addition, the text will contain “jokes for 30” and traces of obscene vocabulary (neatly ephemed). I would welcome any comments, even with furious criticism, especially from professional botanists and other biologists. And if someone prefers a scientific rather than an entertaining style, ... then he should run in panic from under the kata. I warned.

Ps. Everywhere, where I do not explicitly name a hogweed species (for example, common hogweed ), it is meant the hogweed of Sosnowski (and it is he, although almost everything can be projected onto the hogweed Matengazzi, but for our country Sosnowski is more relevant)

The essence of the problem with cow parsnip

Aggressively fruitful. Growing fast. It occupies huge areas without paying rent (even in MO). Hard to destroy. Causes burns in contact with skin.

No, not so: CAUSES CHEATLY CHEMICAL BURNS WHEN CONTACTING THE SKIN.

And this is not a joke. I have two children. Naturally, I try to explain to them that you can’t touch unfamiliar plants. But, until widespread hogweed, I would not particularly soared with how seriously they take my words. I myself passed through both nettle burns and cut hands of sedge and spike injections of almost all thorny plants. This is an experience for which all children pay the price. And this price was relatively small, if you take care of your eyes and do not taste the stems and roots. You can not ban the child all - you can emphasize important prohibitions. Then minor ones will be violated, and the consequences of their violations will only reinforce important prohibitions (but this is a topic for a separate article, which I do not plan to write). Therefore, to Hogshevik.

Burns from the Hogweed can easily lead to the hospital. Heal for a very long time. And most importantly - they can be obtained on the "level ground". Just run for the ball or pass the "tightrope walker" on the curb. The last "truestory". This year, on Leninsky Prospekt, there was a focal “seeding” of Sosnovsky's hogweed and one plant grew 10 centimeters from the walkway. Slogan: “Wear sandals and find out what is PAIN”.

Unfortunately, I did not plan to write an article on Hogweed and did not take pictures. And it would be worth it. Especially the epic frame where the band of mowed grass reaches the half-chopped hogweed and stops. The worker was lucky that the day was sunny and he did not finish the plot to the end. After all, he could get on the skin, and even in the eyes, the juice from three more bushes of the hogweed.

Let me start with a fairy tale. To introduce the topic and talk about some of the features of the plant.

How hogweed in childhood offended

An absolutely unscientific tale, instead of a background story.

In the good old days, high up in the mountains, carved leaves of a mountain sun and invigorating wind put one small but very proud green sprout. He dreamed of growing tall, slim and beautiful. And I must say he did it. Nearly. After all, its growth with great interest and favor was observed by frisky mountain goats, furry sheep and locals in high fur hats. And it was worth the sprout to grow at least a little, like goats with sharp teeth, sheep with a sickly appetite, and mountaineers with daggers and bowls. And they all gnawed, chewed, chopped and chopped into a salad its carved leaves and a tall, proud stem.

Furanocoumarins (furocoumarins)

The main danger of furanocoumarin is the "two-component" poison. By itself, it is harmless (we do not take into account the probable mutagenicity of coumarins). The juice of the plant with furanocoumarin gets on the skin, penetrates deep into the pores and ... waits for ultraviolet irradiation. Sun, a quartz lamp of a sunbed or ordinary arc welding. UV radiation is not completely retained by the skin, so it can penetrate quite deeply. There, where furanokumarin entrenched itself. The latter is killed by ultraviolet radiation in terrible physical and chemical reactions. But at the same time, according to science, it emits both heat and decomposition products - chemical compounds (mostly radicals), which already damage the cells of the skin, epithelium, and even muscles.

Burns are more than unpleasant (like any chemical burn) and often have burn directions “from the inside,” which makes it difficult to access for treatment. In some cases, autoimmune reactions are activated. When the site of a chemical catastrophe in the body, the phagocytes run to heaps. And, from the realization of their own helplessness, they begin to attack cells damaged by radicals, their neighbors, and in general anyone. There have been cases of damage to more than 80% of the body (it is enough to break into the bushes of a hogweed in a bathing suit), and this is a good start for death.

The same reactions occur when coumarins get into the eyes (children make “telescopes” from the stems of the Hogweed). This is the worst case, often leading to blindness.

There are known (although I know of such cases from the press, sometimes after numerous “quoting”) cases of burns of the mucous membrane, when spitting tubes and pipes were made from a hellish umbrella. Up to lethal burns of the lungs and the digestive system occurred without the direct participation of ultraviolet radiation. Perhaps due to the inhalation of coumarins already exposed to the sun or reactions with gastric hydrochloric acid. I will be grateful if something knowledgeable will give comments about the mechanisms and real cases.

But let's go back to the most common case - the defeat of the skin. The danger is that in cloudy weather, it does not appear immediately. You can "talk" with a hogger, walk around for a few days in ignorance, and then go to the beach, from which you can go by ambulance. And well, if it is clear that this is a chemical burn, and not "just burned in the sun." A serious burn (an area larger than a couple of centimeters) must be treated! And not sour cream with honey, and the doctor. And heal faster and complications will be much less.

Moreover, furanocoumarins are able to persist in the skin (and under it) for quite a long time. From the analysis of the comments of the victims we can assume a normal distribution with a peak of two months. That is, with the defeat of a large amount of juice, a certain amount of coumarins will most likely remain in the body for as much as two months. In sufficient quantity to cause new burns or redness. Some eyewitnesses claim that skin reactions persisted for six months or longer.

It is clear that only for the use of furanocoumarins, the cowberry Sosnowski must be burned in hell, totally disintegrated or multiplied by zero in any other way. Even in the area of ​​original growth. But there are some difficulties with this. Moreover, I would say: Houston has problems.

How to destroy the hogweed

For any invasive species, the following properties are needed: mass reproduction, a wide range of growing areas, the absence of natural enemies and ... the complexity of human destruction. All this is present in surplus of the hogweed Sosnovsky.

Hogweed breeds well - of course, one plant does not always have 70K seeds (as is often mentioned) - on average six times less. But this is quite enough. Most of the seeds fall off near the mother plant, but some scatter a decent distance, due to low weight and good aerodynamics. They are also unimpededly carried by animals, people, and cars (on wheels).

In the experiences of the Britishscientists, in suitable conditions germinated about 89% of the seeds. And the places with suitable conditions for the Hogweed mass are quite unblocked soil (he does not like wet soils). And on poor and even trampled soils, the hogweed grows well. It is not by chance that his victorious spread went along the roadsides. There was an air corridor for seed distribution, and there were no competitors capable of stifling young growth. And with all other problems, the hogweed Sosnovsky copes very well.

Why am I doing this? And the fact that one underdeveloped plant can very quickly infect the region "back."

About pests

As I said, the prehistoric weevil is shamefully extinct, and the hornbush mole is hilovata (so hilovata that even I did not get to Wikipedia). Plus, after the beloved hogweed, she eats up to zero a practically harmless common hogweed and snapped up with hunger on poor dill and carrots. And if you can survive the last ... This is what pleases too many moths to guarantee the destruction of the hogweed, I am not happy.

So, there is only one pest hogweed - man. But he is not so easy to withdraw the invader.

Ways of destruction

Attention! Any experiments on the destruction and study of the parsnip of Sosnowski should be carried out in protective clothing not directly adjacent to the body. And, of course, in protective glasses . Protective is not in fashionable glasses-droplets. At a minimum, the eyes should be completely blocked. Unfortunately, I did not find information on how to disinfect clothes from juice. There is an assumption that coumarins themselves quickly decompose when dried. Or rather, when dry, cannot penetrate the skin. But I would not grab hold of clothes with fresh juice with my bare hands and other parts of the body.

If the juice gets on the skin and especially the eyes, cover the affected area from the sun and rinse with plenty of water as soon as possible. Preferably not in the sun. You can use the fact that the glass lets out a little UV and rinse indoors or car. At least find a tight shadow for this. After washing again isolate the affected area from the sun.

Mowing-mowing

The most inefficient and, of course, the most common way is mowing. Even daily thorough mowing is ineffective. Hogweed climbs and climbs. In addition, the lower rosettes of leaves are located very close to the ground and it is not so easy to get them with a mower. However, after 6–10 mowing, the hogweed can surrender. If not entered the flowering phase. Or maybe not. I conducted mini experiments with trampling down the reptile. Success is variable.

In addition, mowing biennial plants (high reptiles), we open the way for the seeds lying in the ground. Who could not survive under the leaves of adult plants, almost completely isolating the soil from the sun.

Digging up

It is better to combine a braid and a shovel. After mowing, dig 10–15 centimeters, trimming the apex of the root with sleeping buds. Chopped up should be removed and beaten or burned. I do not know whether the dug up hogweed can be reborn, but it is better not to risk it. Any NF lover will confirm.

Mowing +

According to the reviews of the Internet specialists in the fight against cow parsnip, after mowing a portion of vinegar in the hollow stem tube works perfectly. Greater concentration does not require 7–10% of vinegar enough for the aggressor to falsely root in wild agony. And the root was deliciously marinated right in the ground. I am inclined to consider this method as reliable.

Also in the Internet it is recommended to pour kerosene and crude oil into the stem tube. But this would not advise. Such recipes, mostly, are given by very sophisticated and experienced people writing with aplomb and errors. Yes, and in modern times, vinegar is cheaper and more environmentally friendly.

It is also possible to leap glyphosate into the tube - about glyphosate is somewhat lower.

Exploits or lifehacks

If you want to be confused, you can use exploits in the behavior of a hogweed. > 99% instances of hogweed fruit only once. It can be used. The easiest way: cut off all the "panicles", except for one. And the last to be determined in advance in a tied package, from which the seeds cannot get out ... And the plant will end its life in full confidence that it has not lived in vain. A big mistake on the part of hell parsley (unless, of course, remember to burn the bag and not spill the seeds). Also, in order not to rummage through the thickets of a burning reptile with a stepladder, it is recommended to pre-cut the stem at a height of up to a meter, just above the joint of the "joints". Then the new panicles will be at a convenient height for sabotage. But I scare 1% of hogweed, which is not a monocarpic. Those. able to bloom and bear fruit more than once. Did hogweed start to suspect something?

Agrotechnics

On an industrial scale helps disking. That is plowing, with the simultaneous grinding of plowed special agricultural equipment. Strength and dormant buds in a reptile at the root, and shredding works magically. By the way, in the stems and roots of the Hogweed a little less than a fig of useful organic matter - therefore disking also fertilizes the earth (though there is probably a lot of sleeping seeds in it, so it is possible that we fertilize the earth with a Hogweed for the Hogweed).

Hogweed is also weak to germinate through the earth. But it seems to me that raising the ground by 20-30 centimeters is a little expensive.

You can also block access to the sun. Strange as it may seem, a hogweed plant does not manage to pick up on the stems the usual dense black film, especially to grow through it, and for growth it needs a lot of sun.

Another often mentioned is the mythical thunder machine. Which travels across the field and with a bang and a reconciliation disintegrates the seeds of the Hogweed by an electromagnetic field. I would like proofs and statistics. I haven't found anything. Apparently, by its laziness .

Flooding of the territory

In the Baltics, the hogweed has gotten so much that they are flooded against it for 48+ days. Weed does not like overmoistened soil and leaves in frustration. Seeds are not good either. For me, somehow expensive.

Expel a subject to frost

Pass the successful experiments on the freezing of hogweed with all its seeds. Under a layer of snow, even in the harsh Siberian winter, the temperature of the earth is not positive, but very close to zero. Where the hogweed root sleeps sweetly, and its seeds happily stratify.

But if the snow disappears suddenly, the hogweed will understand the difference between the Russian frost and the mild mountain winter, where the snow is purely nominal. And he will have to understand quickly, at the same time remembering his entire (un) past life.

It is also a difficult and costly method, but not bad mechanized.

Glyphosate. Systemic herbicide

If you ask me what is worse than hogweed or glyphosate , I find it difficult to answer. The harm of a Hogweed is proven and known. Glyphosate (aka RoundAp, Tornado, etc.) seems to be absent. More precisely, reasonable attempts to prove his harm are drowning in expert opinions on the harmlessness of the herbicide. And ... in the frantic experiments of "opponents of glyphosate." Explicitly fake and biased. It seems to me alone that this “zhu-zhu-zhu” is not for nothing, but is it paid by someone?

However, glyphosate is banned (or was banned) in some European countries, but not in the US. Including, because they have their hogweed there: Fallopia (Reitnuria) Japanesewhich though does not burn, but in terms of growth rate and problems with breeding, it makes the hogweed like a puppy. But glyphosate does not like, which is almost its only useful property.

Plus glyphosate is that it is very effective against fast-growing plants. They are hostages of their strategy. No growth, and the plant does not know what to do. So it perishes in confusion. Some sources claim that it is enough to spray the hogweed leaves and the megastores with glyphosate once, with high probability, will move falselythe roots. It is necessary to spray in the spring, until the flowers and seeds are tied. Seeds are able to ripen on a poisoned and even completely killed plant. In more serious sources it is advised to spray twice with a break, be sure to double or triple concentration. To be sure. And so as not to give the weed affected by glyphosate a chance to give offspring. Suddenly, it will be able to mutate into glyphosatase resistant (some types of weeds already perfectly put their pistils and stamens on glyphosate, although they only dried out before going).

I am for glyphosate ... as long as they are treated with what is guaranteed to not be in my food, even in the second iteration. I do not intend to eat a hogweed and animals that a hogweed of Sosnovsky ate. The first is ineffective in terms of fighting cow parsnip, the second is even more inefficient. But this is just my personal opinion.

Bio weapon. Pests.

You should not make a bet on a borshevich mole. Yes, it parries the hogweed reliably, and you can score carrots and parsley for problems. The difficulty is different - you can get rid of the found enclave of the Hogweed and not so expensive methods (imagine, it costs money to produce a mole in industrial quantities). The problem is in single bushes, which the mole may not find or "leave for later." And it turns out that the costly operation will provide only temporary relief. A mole will also have to display for the sake of healthy crops. To produce the same mole specifically for each bush ... Simply shovel it (just not in the hands of children).

Bio weapon. Competitors

But competing plants that can prevent the Hogweed from growing after eradication, or simply displace it from the occupied area. A boneless catcher and an oriental goat's lamb quickly grow on the places of former glory of the hogweed and do not allow the young shoots of the pest to lift the stem. By the way, both plants themselves go well for cattle feed.

And then there is the Jerusalem artichoke! This tasty and healthy root vegetable itself is still an invasive species and malignant weed. But it can not only replace the hogweed of Sosnowski, but also oust him (only meledeeeeenno). But sometimes it seems from the reports that it is enough to throw a few tubers into the bush of the Hogweed and you can go smoking bamboo ... And to prepare in a couple of years to fight with Jerusalem artichoke (for which I bought, I sell for that). The methods of the art of topinambur are known from Wikipedia: it is necessary to dig up its thicket in late spring - early summer, in the period before the formation of young tubers. If this does not help, then Jerusalem artichoke, at least, does not cause burns and blooms beautifully.

Ps. Here and arheops hints in the comments that with Jerusalem artichoke is not so good and simple.

Patience

You will need it. If you entered the war with a green reptile, then do not expect a quick victory. Where one seed of the hogweed has sprouted, one more can sleep and wait for its turn. And can sleep like a fairy tale, seven years. If the hogweed managed to grow and lose seeds, then this is ... a challenge. Within a radius of several meters from the fruited plant is more than 9K seeds. And many more scattered around the wind and overly confident birds around the area (birds sacredly sure that they can digest the seeds). It will seem to you: whatever you do, the hogweed grows. But often it is just that new seeds sprout. However, in the comments there are motivating stories that the hogweed is not as invulnerable as it seems to him.

Children

No, I'm not talking about a clinical case, when children in Komi were given shovels and sent to fight with cow parsnip. With the Hogweed no one should fight (for war means mutual sacrifices). It must be systematically destroyed, eliminating all the risks to their own health. And adults should do this. They should teach children how to recognize Hogweed, including at the "larval" stage. And to report on the found zaslatets adults. Who will come with a bucket and a shovel and explain their misconceptions with undesirable umbrellas. In neighboring Belarus, judging by the video - it works fine. Again, children, having trained on the Hogweed, will learn, without touching their hands, to inform adults about all the potentially dangerous things. Whether it is a bare wire, smoke from the hatch, or a “forgotten package.” And hogsheviku hide from the omnipresent children oh, how difficult, even in a not particularly populated area.

Volunteers

In the comments to the article there are caring people maria_yurievna_popova , mikelavr . I, too, will not pass by the hogweed with tools and the ability to podkuzmit it. The big road begins with a small step, yes? )

Toad

I think the toad is the most effective way. And I am very glad that he is legally enshrined in the MO. Now, to work out the mechanisms of execution and the happy owners of hogweed on their plots would be less happy. For the toad will press them day and night.

Consequently - all of the above methods for the destruction of hell parsley will be used. And Horshevik will receive the honored northern fox (at least in the territories that have an owner, or at least the owner can be found or appointed). Who will pay for the banquet in the boundary and "orphan" territories is not mentioned in the law. But I hope that in time everything will be clearly defined. And there will be people who sincerely believe that the hogweed should not grow for free, who have the right to issue fines. Plus will be allocated phones (and / or more modern channels) for which you can hit. To a neighbor, to a best friend, to a district attorney or a favorite school teacher, if they “tame” a hogweed on their sites.

Politicians

I will be happy to support the voice of deputies / mayors / governors / presidents / secretaries of the UN, raising the problem of invasive species (as well as other ecological problems). If after the elections they will actually do something sane, then they will “buy” me with giblets. Seriously and for a long time.

The bright side of power

On the Internet there is a custom: haip on anti-scratch. If everyone starts to “wet” the hogweed, then we must explain how they are wrong. I will give the arguments for the hogweed, on HYIP for the sake of, but rather to create the appearance of objectivity. For it is not objective. I have children and had burns (I, not children).

Oxygen production

Oddly hellish grass - a plant. And plants tend to produce oxygen, in exchange for greenhouse effect drivers (I’m talking about COx). And considering how much we have of cowberry Sosnovsky, and how much carbon dioxide he needs for growth ... It’s just a pity to destroy the reptile. And Europe can raise high - we want to deprive of its oxygen. Moreover, this is all in the era of industrial cutting down of the Amazon delta. In general, there is an idea to send Sosnovsky to Brazil just to that very delta. So that he produced oxygen there instead of cut down. But at the same time he limited the desire of the Humans to take a walk there with a chainsaw, but without OZK. Well, it was a joke. Let's get a little more serious.

Soil enrichment

Megasales is able to grow on very poor soils, saturating them with organic matter. While he is doing this for his own offspring, but if somehow to dodge ... The return of the developed lands to the crop rotation is more than real. It would be that sow and plant.

Honey

From a giant umbrella giant honey collection. Hogweed is one of the most effective honey plants (in square units) with a great season. True, the pollen of cow parsnip Sosnovsky is allergic and contains those coumarins. And the pollen goes into honey unhindered. But, whether the bees are able to cook it, or the honey mafia carefully hides something ... I did not find any mention of honey poisoning from the hogweed. On the other hand, it is unlikely that they write honey borschivichny on their packages. Therefore, it seems dumb to buy honey not only “meadow”, but also “buckwheat”. You never know there in a meadow or in Greek grew. I hope that the beekeepers and honeymooners will run into the comments and calm everyone down. Except me. I do not care. I just do not like honey and rarely eat it.

Ps. Hogshchevichny honey on the Internet seems to be very tasty and rare (because “bees are dying for nectar”). At the same time, it is a great immunostimulant, which expels all diseases (this rarely specifies the kind of hogweed from which honey is taken). An alternative view that the taste and consistency of honey from Sosnovsky's Hogweed is identical to silicate glue. Also, the beekeeper was amused by asking for hogweed seeds to plant "on unowned lands nearby." I do not give links, because the opinions are very polar - everything is in Google.

Biofuels

The green mass of the hogweed Sosnovsky gives record volumes per hectare. And it contains not only furanocoumarins, but a lot of sugar - 3% per lap, and more than 10 from the root. Well, all sorts of carbohydrates and vitamins. That is, tops can be both used in the bioreactor for methane, and from the root it is joyful to drive a clean product. Furanocoumarins from high temperatures decompose into "mold and lime honey" (not tested), and the same other harmless compounds. And even if they do not decompose to the end, it will not stop everyone. But even here you can find a positive effect - drunken men not only do not swear at the sun, but also open their mouths rarely and carefully. The same that is not drunk in the production process, it is possible to knit with oil, pressed from the same hogweed, to biodiesel.

Cattle feed

How, again on tezhe rake? Not really. In the silo coumarins are perfectly stored and delivered. But in herbal flour - no. Drying finely chopped cow parsnip at an elevated temperature saves vitamins and nutrients, but kumarin kills. It is clear that here it is necessary to bother, and not just shove Sosnovsky into a silo pit. But the good news may be that you can dry a chopped erector on the fuel from him. Such a great horror movie for cowberry. I am for"!

Extraction of furanocoumarins

It turns out this is a valuable raw material for the cosmetics industry. The same cream for tanning - it is carefully diluted coumarin. The problem is that the current supply of furanocoumarins in existing hogweed significantly exceeds the need for artificial, and even uneven tan.

The fight against drugs

Throw hogweed seeds in the Chuy valley, sit next to the hemp thickets. And to bite over the collectors of "plasticine", running naked in the hemp thickets and ... hogweed. Under the bright sun of Kazakhstan.

But still

All these Napoleonic plans (except the last) are broken under the ease with which the hogweed Sosnovsky “escapes” from the culture. Therefore, the word for geneticists and breeders. I am only here for GMB (genetically modified hogweed, my typo). The front of works is large and appreciative, grants again can be tightened:

• Hogweed without coumarins (even if it escapes from culture, without poison it can be taken with bare hands and an ordinary spade with a bayonet)
• sterile hybrid (giving seeds that are not destined to germinate due to close and long-range crosses of parents)
• You can use the genetic mechanism of "protection from the weevil", only to replace it with some almost constant condition, for example: sprout, if false.

In the meantime, OZK, shovel, glyphosate and Jerusalem artichoke with goat meat.

All in the fight against invasive evil!

Useful links:

• Wikipedia: Hogweed Sosnowski
• The site dedicated to the fight with cowberry and many useful links . What is captivating - a scientific approach to the methods of struggle
• Hogweed distribution map
• How to distinguish the hogweed Sosnovsky from the hogweed Siberian. It is a pity that in the article further destruction methods are fundamentally different from my article (and comments to it)
• Excellent selection of articles
• Recommendations for combating unwanted thickets of the hogweed Sosnovsky . Academic view of things + 2 manuals
• Video including, about how not to deal with cow parsnip. Cutting off the tubes with a knife without eye protection, the occupation is both useless and dangerous
• Sane video about the fight in Belarus . The truth in the end of the Jerusalem artichoke a little blurred impression.
• Excellent comments fight in Vladimir , another dangerous plant , fight in Balashikha , about furanocoumarins
• Another site about the hogweed of Sosnowski and the fight against it
• Used images from Pixabay.com, authors: ivabalk , YvonneH , ThiloBecker