Adding packages to the Lubuntu Alternate ISO Standalone Installer

OyraOyra December 16, 2015 at 12:07

Adding packages to the Lubuntu Alternate ISO Standalone Installer

Introduction

When creating stand-alone installation media for the automated installation of Lubuntu 14.04 using preseed , I was faced with the fact that I need to add packages to the installation media that are not in the original alternate distribution . I tried many different ways to create my own standalone distributions, but they turned out to be:

or inappropriate ( LiveCDCustomization ), because I need not a LiveCD, but an installation preseed distribution;
either very complex ( DebianCustomCD );
either worked, not as expected ( Simple-CDD , DebianInstaller / Modify / CD ), or maybe I didn’t figure it out completely.

As a result, he settled on the method described in the Ubuntu community .

I want to talk about what I did.

Training

To complement the distribution, we need the original alternate distribution , to which we will add packages. As well as a computer running Ubuntu or Lubuntu on which we will do this.

Creating a directory structure and copying files

Create a directory in which we will work with this distribution:

mkdir -p /opt/cd-image

Download the distribution kit:

wget http://cdimages.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/trusty/release/lubuntu-14.04.1-alternate-i386.iso

Unzip the downloaded iso-image:

mkdir /mnt/iso
mount -o loop lubuntu-14.04.1-alternate-i386.iso /mnt/iso
cp -rT /mnt/iso /opt/cd-image
umount /mnt/iso

Create a directory for the packages we want to add to the distribution:

mkdir -p /opt/cd-image/pool/extras

The entire directory structure

tree -d -L 3 /opt
/opt
├── apt-ftparchive
├── build
│   └── ubuntu-keyring-2012.05.19
│       ├── debian
│       └── keyrings
├── cd-image
│   ├── boot
│   │   └── grub
│   ├── dists
│   │   └── trusty
│   ├── doc
│   │   └── install
│   ├── install
│   │   └── netboot
│   ├── isolinux
│   ├── pics
│   ├── pool
│   │   ├── extras
│   │   ├── main
│   │   └── universe
│   └── preseed
└── indices

Preparing Encryption Keys

If you do not have a public-private key pair, you will need to create it using gpg . The key is preferably set to a comment of the form “XXX Signing Key”.

gpg --gen-key

gpg --gen-key
gpg (GnuPG) 1.4.16; Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Please select what kind of key you want:
   (1) RSA and RSA (default)
   (2) DSA and Elgamal
   (3) DSA (sign only)
   (4) RSA (sign only)
Your selection? 1
RSA keys may be between 1024 and 4096 bits long.
What keysize do you want? (2048)
Requested keysize is 2048 bits
Please specify how long the key should be valid.
         0 = key does not expire
        = key expires in n days
      w = key expires in n weeks
      m = key expires in n months
      y = key expires in n years
Key is valid for? (0)
Key does not expire at all
Is this correct? (y/N) y
You need a user ID to identify your key; the software constructs the user ID
from the Real Name, Comment and Email Address in this form:
    "Heinrich Heine (Der Dichter) "
Real name: Alexandr Petrenko
Email address: *********@gmail.com
Comment: My Signing Key
You selected this USER-ID:
    "Alexandr Petrenko (My Signing Key) <*********@gmail.com>"
Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit? o
You need a Passphrase to protect your secret key.

We will use the private key to sign the release files of the repository. For the next steps, you will need the fakeroot package, install it if it is not on your system.

Now you need to add your key to the ubuntu-keyring package

mkdir /opt/build
cd /opt/build
# Скачаем исходники действующего пакета с ключами
apt-get source ubuntu-keyring
# Импортируем ключи из пакета
cd ubuntu-keyring-2012.05.19/keyrings/
gpg --import < ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
# Для просмотра ключей, содержащих "Signing Key" в комментарии, введите
gpg --list-keys "Signing Key"
pub   1024D/437D05B5 2004-09-12
uid                  Ubuntu Archive Automatic Signing Key 
sub   2048g/79164387 2004-09-12
pub   1024D/FBB75451 2004-12-30
uid                  Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key 
pub   2048R/YOURKEYID 2015-01-28
uid                  My Signing Key <*********@gmail.com>
sub   2048R/KEYID 2015-01-28
# Добавьте свой ключ в связку
gpg --export FBB75451 437D05B5 YOURKEYID > ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
# Перейдите на уровень выше в каталог ubuntu-keyring-2012.05.19 и соберите пакет с вашим ключом
cd .. 
dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -m"Ваше имя " -kYOURKEYID
# И скопируйте полученный пакета в репозиторий на диске
cd ..
cp ubuntu-keyring*deb /opt/cd-image/pool/main/u/ubuntu-keyring

Copy files to repository

You can simply add several packages manually to the / opt / cd-image / pool / extras directory.

If you need to update the installer kernel modules, then this can be done like this:

cd /opt/cd-image/pool/main/l/linux/
wget -r -nd --no-parent --accept '*-modules-3.13.0-24*i386.udeb' ftp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/l/linux/

where instead of 3.13.0-24 * i386, you can specify the desired version of the kernel that you use to boot, and the architecture of the modules.

To download all the packages installed in the current OS on the reference computer, you can run this

script

#!/bin/bash
dpkg --get-selections | while read line
do
  package=`expr "$line" : '\(.*\)install'`
  echo $package
  apt-get download $package
done
for i in *; do mv $i ${i/'1%3a'/''}; done

And add the downloaded packages from the apt cache to the repository.

Create a standalone local repository using apt-ftparchive

The apt-ftparchive utility is contained in the apt-utils package.
All settings are given for Lubuntu 14.04 Trusty and i386 architecture. If the version or architecture of your distribution is different, then you need to adjust the appropriate values in the configuration files and scripts.

Repository description for apt-ftparchive

The following configuration files must be created in the / opt / apt-ftparchive directory:

Settings for pockets main and universe:

apt-ftparchive-deb.conf

Dir {
  ArchiveDir "/opt/cd-image/";
};
TreeDefault {
  Directory "pool/";
};
BinDirectory "pool/main" {
  Packages "dists/trusty/main/binary-i386/Packages";
  BinOverride "/opt/indices/override.trusty.main";
  ExtraOverride "/opt/indices/override.trusty.extra.main";
};
BinDirectory "pool/universe" {
 Packages "dists/trusty/universe/binary-i386/Packages";
 BinOverride "/opt/indices/override.trusty.universe";
};
Default {
  Packages {
    Extensions ".deb";
    Compress ". gzip";
  };
};
Contents {
  Compress "gzip";
};

Settings for the debian-installer installer modules in the main and universe pockets:

apt-ftparchive-udeb.conf

Dir {
  ArchiveDir "/opt/cd-image/";
};
TreeDefault {
  Directory "pool/";
};
BinDirectory "pool/main" {
  Packages "dists/trusty/main/debian-installer/binary-i386/Packages";
  BinOverride "/opt/indices/override.trusty.main.debian-installer";
};
BinDirectory "pool/universe" {
  Packages "dists/trusty/universe/debian-installer/binary-i386/Packages";
  BinOverride "/opt/indices/override.trusty.universe.debian-installer";
};
Default {
  Packages {
    Extensions ".udeb";
    Compress ". gzip";
  };
};
Contents {
  Compress "gzip";
};

Settings for our extras pocket:

apt-ftparchive-extras.conf

Dir {
  ArchiveDir "/opt/cd-image/";
};
TreeDefault {
  Directory "pool/";
};
BinDirectory "pool/extras" {
  Packages "dists/trusty/extras/binary-i386/Packages";
};
Default {
  Packages {
    Extensions ".deb";
    Compress ". gzip";
  };
};
Contents {
  Compress "gzip";
};

Settings for creating the repository release file:

release.conf

APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin "Ubuntu";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Label "Ubuntu";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Suite "trusty";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Version "14.04";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Codename "trusty";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Architectures "i386";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Components "main restricted extras";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Description "Ubuntu 14.04 LTS";

Index loading

get-indices.bash

#!/bin/bash
cd /opt/indices/
DIST=trusty
for SUFFIX in extra.main main main.debian-installer universe universe.debian-installer; do
  wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/indices/override.$DIST.$SUFFIX
done

Creating Packages and Release Repository Files

A script that starts the creation of Packages and Release repository files by the apt-ftparchive utility based on our settings, after which it signs the Release file and writes the checksums of the files to md5sum.txt:

make-iso-repo.bash

BUILD=/opt/cd-image
APTCONF=/opt/apt-ftparchive/release.conf
DISTNAME=trusty
pushd $BUILD
apt-ftparchive -c $APTCONF generate /opt/apt-ftparchive/apt-ftparchive-deb.conf
apt-ftparchive -c $APTCONF generate /opt/apt-ftparchive/apt-ftparchive-udeb.conf
apt-ftparchive -c $APTCONF generate /opt/apt-ftparchive/apt-ftparchive-extras.conf
apt-ftparchive -c $APTCONF release $BUILD/dists/$DISTNAME > $BUILD/dists/$DISTNAME/Release
gpg --default-key "YOURKEYID" --output $BUILD/dists/$DISTNAME/Release.gpg -ba $BUILD/dists/$DISTNAME/Release
find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum > md5sum.txt

Create and use an ISO image

Creating an ISO Image

make-iso-image.bash

IMAGE=custom.iso
BUILD=/opt/cd-image/
mkisofs -r -V "Custom Ubuntu Install CD" \
            -cache-inodes \
            --iso-level 3 -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
            -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot \
            -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
            -o $IMAGE $BUILD

Booting from an ISO image

Now you can boot using the created ISO-image, burning the image to a CD / DVD-ROM, or from removable media.

Creating a bootable USB drive

To boot, you need to format the disk in FAT32. Install a bootloader on the disk, for example grub2:

sudo grub-install --no-floppy --root-directory=/media/multiboot /dev/sdb

where / media / multiboot is the path to the mounted partition of the bootable USB drive; / dev / sdb - boot disk device.

After that, configure the bootloader. Approximate grub2 config:

/media/multiboot/boot/grub/grub.cfg

# таймаут меню
   set timeout=10
# выбранный пункт по умолчанию
   set default=0
# загружаем модули
   insmod ext2
   insmod loopback
   insmod iso9660
   insmod fat
   insmod part_msdos
menuentry "Boot from first hard disk" {
   set root=(hd1)
   chainloader +1
}
set iso="/custom.iso"
menuentry "Custom.iso" {
  linux /vmlinuz debconf/priority=high shared/ask_device=manual shared/enter_device=/dev/disk/by-label/DISKLABEL iso-scan/filename=$iso auto-install/enable=true debian-installer/language=ru debian-installer/locale=ru_RU.UTF-8 debian-installer/country=RU preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed/custom.seed DEBCONF_DEBUG=5 --
  initrd /initrd.gz
}

You also need to add vmlinuz and initrd to the root of the USB drive .

In the udeb.list file, you can find out the versions of modules that are required by the kernel and which must be placed in the distribution kit (see above).

It remains to boot from the created disk, and start the installation of the OS.

Information sources

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Adding packages to the Lubuntu Alternate ISO Standalone Installer