Unattended installation of FreeBSD 8.2-RELEASE on ZFS

We all know that from time to timevery rarely, almost never, but a situation arises in which an unscheduled reset or power failure of the FreeBSD server leads to a stop of the download with the insistent requirement to start fsck by hand. It happens that the server is bored, the admin has not visited him for a long time, and maybe there is a full moon, but this phenomenon occurs in nature. The time has come, I think, to move to ZFS - people recommend that the beta test stage has passed a long time ago, the disk space is not wasted, and ... in ZFS there is no need for the fsck utility to check the integrity of the file system (!). Having studied mana, wiki, fox, I came to the conclusion that it is necessary to grind, comb, lacquer and go to the masses in some places. Indeed, the process, compared to the standard sysinstall, is somewhat complicated, but faster than ever - 2 minutes and the server with the root partition on ZFS is ready.

Yes, of course, we won’t run with our hands the whole bunch of commands that it is recommended to run, and we won’t mess with sysinstall, but we will make an unattended installation script that will be launched from Fixit mode . To do this, you need a DVD or USBstick installation option, the server where the script is stored (accessible via ssh).
The installation process looks like this: boot, select the Fixit mode - CD / DVD , hang up IP on the network card and run the script:

Fixit # ifconfig em0 192.168.1.100/24
Fixit # ssh user@192.168.1.1 'cat / opt / script / zfs-init' | sh

Now let's look at the contents of the script, it should do the following:
1. Partition the disk (GPT - boot, swap0, disk0)
2. Create a ZFS pool (/ root, / tmp, / usr, / var, / opt) - the / root partition did separately, it can also be limited to a size of
3. Throw a flask on ZFS with minimal configs to start.

Script on the shell, just a list of commands in a certain sequence. At the beginning of the script, change the variables dev (disk), iface (network card), tank (name of the ZFS pool), hostname (host name), tz (timezone). Here he is:

1. #! / bin / sh
2.  
3. # Vars
4. dev = da0
5. tank = tank
6. iface = em0
7. hostname = core.domain.com
8. tz = "Europe / Kiev"
9.  
10. # gpart
11. gpart create -s GPT $ dev
12. gpart add -s 64K -t freebsd-boot $ dev
13. gpart add -s 2G -t freebsd-swap -l swap0 $ dev
14. gpart add -t freebsd-zfs -l disk0 $ dev
15.  
16. gpart bootcode -b / mnt2 / boot / pmbr -p / mnt2 / boot / gptzfsboot -i 1 $ dev
17.  
18. sysctl kern.geom.debugflags = 0x10
19.  
20. # install ZFS
21. kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko
22. kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/zfs.ko
23.  
24. mkdir / boot / zfs
25. #reate ZFS pool
26. zpool create -f $ tank / dev / gpt / disk0
27. zfs set mountpoint = none $ tank
28.  
29. zfs set atime = off $ tank
30. zfs set checksum = fletcher4 $ tank
31. zfs create -o compression = off -o exec = on $ tank / root
32. zfs set mountpoint = / $ tank $ tank / root
33. zpool set bootfs = $ tank / root $ tank
34. zfs create -o compression = on -o exec = on -o setuid = off $ tank / tmp
35. zfs set mountpoint = / $ tank / tmp $ tank / tmp
36. zfs create $ tank / usr
37. zfs set mountpoint = / $ tank / usr $ tank / usr
38. zfs create $ tank / var
39. zfs set mountpoint = / $ tank / var $ tank / var
40. zfs create -o compression = off -o setuid = off $ tank / opt
41. zfs set mountpoint = / $ tank / opt $ tank / opt
42.  
43. cd / $ tank; ln -s / usr / home home && cd -
44. mkdir / $ tank / var / tmp 
45. chmod 1777 / $ tank / var / tmp / $ tank / tmp
46.  
47. # install base system
48. cd /dist/8.2-*
49. export DESTDIR = / $ tank
50. for dir in base catpages dict doc info lib32 manpages; do (cd $ dir; echo "y" | ./install.sh); done
51. cd src; ./install.sh all
52. cd ../kernels; ./install.sh generic
53. cd / $ tank / boot; cp -Rlp GENERIC / * / $ tank / boot / kernel /
54.  
55. # install base configs
56. cat << EOF> /$tank/etc/rc.conf
57. zfs_enable = "YES"
58. hostname = "$ hostname"
59. ifconfig_ $ iface = "DHCP"
60. sshd_enable = "YES"
61. ntpd_enable = "YES"               
62. ntpd_program = "/ usr / sbin / ntpd"   
63. ntpd_flags = "- p /var/run/ntpd.pid -f /var/db/ntpd.drift"
64. Eof
65.  
66. cat << EOF> /$tank/etc/ntp.conf
67. server 82.207.71.6 iburst maxpoll 9
68. server 91.198.10.4 iburst maxpoll 9
69. server 79.142.192.4 iburst maxpoll 9
70. server 193.193.193.107 iburst maxpoll 9
71. Eof
72.  
73. echo 'zfs_load = "YES"'> /$tank/boot/loader.conf
74. echo "vfs.root.mountfrom = \" zfs: $ tank / root \ "" >> /$tank/boot/loader.conf
75.  
76. cp / mnt2 / usr / share / zoneinfo / $ tz / $ tank / etc / localtime
77. cp /boot/zfs/zpool.cache /$tank/boot/zfs/zpool.cache
78.  
79. cat << EOF> / $ tank / etc / fstab
80. # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass #
81. / dev / gpt / swap0 none swap sw 0 0
82. procfs / proc procfs rw 0 0
83. Eof
84.  
85. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH = / mnt2 / lib 
86.  
87. cd /
88.  
89. # correct ZFS mount points and quotas
90. zfs unmount -a
91. zfs set mountpoint = / opt $ tank / opt
92. zfs set quota = 1G $ tank / tmp && zfs set mountpoint = / tmp $ tank / tmp
93. zfs set quota = 5G $ tank / usr && zfs set mountpoint = / usr $ tank / usr
94. zfs set quota = 10G $ tank / var && zfs set mountpoint = / var $ tank / var
95. zfs set quota = 512m $ tank / root && zfs set mountpoint = legacy $ tank / root

While the script is running, you don’t need to touch the keyboard, after finishing just reboot the server, and log in as root without a password. Related

materials: RootOnZFS / GPTZFSBoot , Installing FreeBSD using ZFS as the main one .

Good luck