Infrastructure automation of a smart office: how it looks
We here did the subsystems of the office of SIBUR. The sensations were like on a spacecraft, because offices of this class in Russia are literally just a few. Most importantly, they implemented a few very interesting things, which, it seems, in a few years will become the standards for office automation. Well, in general, it was interesting to work on this project.
Let's show rather than tell. For example, a weather station on the roof of a building:
It measures the outside temperature, light, precipitation and wind speed. All this goes down into the logic of climate control. The control controller takes data on the room temperature, the presence of people in it and the office schedule, and from this determines how to expend energy to maintain the desired mode. Proactively, that is, as soon as it began to get a little cold outside, it starts to warm a little more.
On holidays and at night, energy consumption is minimized. The system responds to the presence of people and behaves accordingly.
The same weather station has GPS sensors for the building clock system. But I'd better start with the dispatching and management of building subsystems, because this is the most interesting.
Chillers on the roof:
Hand-held remote control (rarely used as a reserve):
The power of automation is that all building systems work in a single logic. Change data, related scenarios. We built everything on a single KNX bus (this is an analogue of a car's CAN bus, only huge for buildings). Each building node is accessible on the bus, passes its parameters to it and can receive commands. The blown bulb can be seen as a tire event. And so on.
For example, inside the office areas there is ventilation, cooling, electricity, lighting, floor convectors, and so on - this is room automation. Office room lighting is controlled via the bus, curtains are controlled via the bus, and so on. There are light sensors inside.
It looks like this:
- The climate control system takes the schedule and prepares the building for the arrival of people after the night. For example, at night the air is not dried or moistened.
- In the morning people come to the office. When they enter the cabinets, the cabinets subsystems are activated, in particular, the lighting. If there is no bright sun outside, the curtains are opened, and the electric light dims accordingly, so that the sensors have an established working rate of illumination. In summer it is the opposite: when the system sees that the sun is on the side where the cabinet window is, it is blocked by an automatic curtain.
- In addition to the overall temperature, many rooms have their own control panels. For example, they decided to make it warmer or colder in some office or meeting room. Then the climate control system selects the script automatically. It is impossible to simultaneously heat and cool, for example. The system itself chooses what to run and with what intensity, by what means. There are convectors in the floor and fan coil units in the ceiling. The fan coil has heating and cooling. For example, they added temperature - the system itself looks what to do: only fan coils at low speed or only radiators, for example. It is necessary to heat strongly - maximum speed and all valves.
- Lighting can also be controlled manually. For example, a person enters the manager’s office — by default, one group of luminaires is turned on by 30 percent, the lamp above the table is 100 percent, the main light is 60 percent. This is a “working day” scenario. Then you can adjust everything manually or choose another scenario.
Sensors in the building are very good everywhere: delays are normal, sensitivity is high. There is no problem that the light suddenly goes out in the corridors or toilets. In general, human breathing and micromovements are sufficient for them to determine presence.
DALI light bulbs report replacement. Implemented a functional indication of the fault at the dispatcher. The technician sees a fault in the group of fixtures, goes to look.
Dispatcher sees all systems, all current parameters, alarm messages. For each parameter can display a historical graph, for example, the temperature over the last 24 hours. All 12 thousand signals are archived, about 2-3 thousand of them are logged. Data is stored depending on the criticality from a week to two months. Everything can be displayed on a schedule to clarify emergencies, see what, when, who is in charge. Without a dispatcher comment on the incident (what measures have been taken), the emergency event cannot be removed. The dispatcher screen is duplicated from the head of the maintenance department.
The system is very well protected from external influences. A standard set of protection, plus its very own very tough security policies on the network. There is no technical network: in fact, for the customer, it is important that nowhere in the building it was impossible to just stick in.
A lot of work on the SCS. In general, there is a standard story, but two things must be noted from the important: there are hatches in the floor cabinets, there are consolidation points and reserve ports in them. That is, we laid the SCS “for growth” and took into account that it would be good to add the opportunity for a quick re-switching, if necessary. The cross field is generally gorgeous, everywhere there was an opportunity to use short patch cords. Like this:
We will start with the offices of the heads of departments and top management, who were 24. The
management is always in touch with remote units, so there is a video-conferencing connection in all the offices (camera, digital screens, ceiling microphone, etc.). By the way, this microphone in the photo:
As for the display panels, they are mounted on the ceiling or wall mounts or built into niches in the wall. There is a separate PC to watch the presentation on the big screen or to send content to a video conference. It is located behind the LCD display panel and a USB cable is connected to it.
On the floor of the top management, everything is about the same, only the screens in the offices are larger. By the way, the 3D mounts on these 98-inch wall-mounted TVs move in different directions so that they are on par with furniture and a closet. Individual performance.
Here is one of the cabinets:
By the way, if the top management or managers have questions about multimedia, then the operator can remotely log in as an administrator and do what is needed from his computer (the customer had requirements for remote servicing of cabinets). Office equipment is duplicated and the secretary, too.
Multimedia equipment is located in the offices, the central equipment is rendered into a single server (codecs, controllers, switching). All lines are physical wired: acoustics, twisted pair, all microphone cables. Wi-Fi is not allowed. Nothing should be wireless according to IB requirements.
Each room (cabinets, conversations) is equipped with a single system for controlling multimedia equipment - the touch-panel located on the wall allows you to centrally configure its modes of operation.
Here is one of the talks:
At this negotiation glass is covered with a polarizing film. Transparency is controlled by the presence of people inside or manually from the chat panel. When the transformer is energized - the film is dull. In order not to keep energized after 11 pm, the negotiation becomes transparent by default. This is how the lighting is managed:
But the column on the 9th floor in the elevator hall (where the top management works) is a stela on 4k. It does not show that this is a TV, all behind the thick glass. Very nice. On this very TV-screen, SIBUR corporate news is broadcast in real-time mode (addressing top management, important events, training schedule, etc.).
A separate pain - like screens shoved into the interior. Many cabinets and walls are made in stemolite (glass is one that can only be formed at the factory, frosted or patterned). To install the equipment (under the control panel or TV), it was necessary for the plant to provide drawings. This high-strength glass, which is made to order. It is important to get to within two millimeters. Glaziers did not always fall.
From the complex - the building is existing, the area is limited. For cable routes, pipes, there was little space in the ceiling space, it was necessary to make plans up to a millimeter, which sometimes gave rise to rather strange forms of interchange. In total, 15.5 km of cable was laid. For some days, the contractor could not break the monolithic slab with fittings under the ventilation machines for all the days of the New Year, sawed with special incisors with cubes.
And, yes, and we did all this without stopping the office, just on the floors.
Here is my mail, if you have questions - write:
itsarev@croc.ru
Let's show rather than tell. For example, a weather station on the roof of a building:
It measures the outside temperature, light, precipitation and wind speed. All this goes down into the logic of climate control. The control controller takes data on the room temperature, the presence of people in it and the office schedule, and from this determines how to expend energy to maintain the desired mode. Proactively, that is, as soon as it began to get a little cold outside, it starts to warm a little more.
On holidays and at night, energy consumption is minimized. The system responds to the presence of people and behaves accordingly.
The same weather station has GPS sensors for the building clock system. But I'd better start with the dispatching and management of building subsystems, because this is the most interesting.
Chillers on the roof:
Hand-held remote control (rarely used as a reserve):
The power of automation is that all building systems work in a single logic. Change data, related scenarios. We built everything on a single KNX bus (this is an analogue of a car's CAN bus, only huge for buildings). Each building node is accessible on the bus, passes its parameters to it and can receive commands. The blown bulb can be seen as a tire event. And so on.
For example, inside the office areas there is ventilation, cooling, electricity, lighting, floor convectors, and so on - this is room automation. Office room lighting is controlled via the bus, curtains are controlled via the bus, and so on. There are light sensors inside.
It looks like this:
- The climate control system takes the schedule and prepares the building for the arrival of people after the night. For example, at night the air is not dried or moistened.
- In the morning people come to the office. When they enter the cabinets, the cabinets subsystems are activated, in particular, the lighting. If there is no bright sun outside, the curtains are opened, and the electric light dims accordingly, so that the sensors have an established working rate of illumination. In summer it is the opposite: when the system sees that the sun is on the side where the cabinet window is, it is blocked by an automatic curtain.
- In addition to the overall temperature, many rooms have their own control panels. For example, they decided to make it warmer or colder in some office or meeting room. Then the climate control system selects the script automatically. It is impossible to simultaneously heat and cool, for example. The system itself chooses what to run and with what intensity, by what means. There are convectors in the floor and fan coil units in the ceiling. The fan coil has heating and cooling. For example, they added temperature - the system itself looks what to do: only fan coils at low speed or only radiators, for example. It is necessary to heat strongly - maximum speed and all valves.
- Lighting can also be controlled manually. For example, a person enters the manager’s office — by default, one group of luminaires is turned on by 30 percent, the lamp above the table is 100 percent, the main light is 60 percent. This is a “working day” scenario. Then you can adjust everything manually or choose another scenario.
Sensors in the building are very good everywhere: delays are normal, sensitivity is high. There is no problem that the light suddenly goes out in the corridors or toilets. In general, human breathing and micromovements are sufficient for them to determine presence.
DALI light bulbs report replacement. Implemented a functional indication of the fault at the dispatcher. The technician sees a fault in the group of fixtures, goes to look.
Dispatcher sees all systems, all current parameters, alarm messages. For each parameter can display a historical graph, for example, the temperature over the last 24 hours. All 12 thousand signals are archived, about 2-3 thousand of them are logged. Data is stored depending on the criticality from a week to two months. Everything can be displayed on a schedule to clarify emergencies, see what, when, who is in charge. Without a dispatcher comment on the incident (what measures have been taken), the emergency event cannot be removed. The dispatcher screen is duplicated from the head of the maintenance department.
The system is very well protected from external influences. A standard set of protection, plus its very own very tough security policies on the network. There is no technical network: in fact, for the customer, it is important that nowhere in the building it was impossible to just stick in.
A lot of work on the SCS. In general, there is a standard story, but two things must be noted from the important: there are hatches in the floor cabinets, there are consolidation points and reserve ports in them. That is, we laid the SCS “for growth” and took into account that it would be good to add the opportunity for a quick re-switching, if necessary. The cross field is generally gorgeous, everywhere there was an opportunity to use short patch cords. Like this:
Multimedia (and some more automation)
We will start with the offices of the heads of departments and top management, who were 24. The
management is always in touch with remote units, so there is a video-conferencing connection in all the offices (camera, digital screens, ceiling microphone, etc.). By the way, this microphone in the photo:
As for the display panels, they are mounted on the ceiling or wall mounts or built into niches in the wall. There is a separate PC to watch the presentation on the big screen or to send content to a video conference. It is located behind the LCD display panel and a USB cable is connected to it.
On the floor of the top management, everything is about the same, only the screens in the offices are larger. By the way, the 3D mounts on these 98-inch wall-mounted TVs move in different directions so that they are on par with furniture and a closet. Individual performance.
Here is one of the cabinets:
By the way, if the top management or managers have questions about multimedia, then the operator can remotely log in as an administrator and do what is needed from his computer (the customer had requirements for remote servicing of cabinets). Office equipment is duplicated and the secretary, too.
Multimedia equipment is located in the offices, the central equipment is rendered into a single server (codecs, controllers, switching). All lines are physical wired: acoustics, twisted pair, all microphone cables. Wi-Fi is not allowed. Nothing should be wireless according to IB requirements.
Each room (cabinets, conversations) is equipped with a single system for controlling multimedia equipment - the touch-panel located on the wall allows you to centrally configure its modes of operation.
Here is one of the talks:
At this negotiation glass is covered with a polarizing film. Transparency is controlled by the presence of people inside or manually from the chat panel. When the transformer is energized - the film is dull. In order not to keep energized after 11 pm, the negotiation becomes transparent by default. This is how the lighting is managed:
But the column on the 9th floor in the elevator hall (where the top management works) is a stela on 4k. It does not show that this is a TV, all behind the thick glass. Very nice. On this very TV-screen, SIBUR corporate news is broadcast in real-time mode (addressing top management, important events, training schedule, etc.).
A separate pain - like screens shoved into the interior. Many cabinets and walls are made in stemolite (glass is one that can only be formed at the factory, frosted or patterned). To install the equipment (under the control panel or TV), it was necessary for the plant to provide drawings. This high-strength glass, which is made to order. It is important to get to within two millimeters. Glaziers did not always fall.
From the complex - the building is existing, the area is limited. For cable routes, pipes, there was little space in the ceiling space, it was necessary to make plans up to a millimeter, which sometimes gave rise to rather strange forms of interchange. In total, 15.5 km of cable was laid. For some days, the contractor could not break the monolithic slab with fittings under the ventilation machines for all the days of the New Year, sawed with special incisors with cubes.
And, yes, and we did all this without stopping the office, just on the floors.
Here is my mail, if you have questions - write:
itsarev@croc.ru