January 7, 2016 at 15:48Life in the Universe: where does it come from?
The article proposes a hypothesis about the origin of life in the universe. It is based on the assumption that the logic of the laws of the structure of the world exists outside the Universe, i.e. out of space and time. The proposed hypothesis is unprovable as well as most cosmological theories, but to me it seems plausible.
We are used to the fact that scientific theories are created by people. The validity of theories is confirmed by practice. Some theories turn out to be erroneous, some have a narrow range of applicability. However, among them there are true theories that are never refuted, but only clarified over time. These probably include Newton’s laws, Euclidean geometry, and an object-oriented programming approach. True theories are not created by humans. They are only open to them. And they always existed, including before the Big Bang.
The main idea of the article is that true theories exist until their discovery, exist regardless of space and time, are the same in all universes and in their absence. I will explain this assumption.
Suppose we have two objects, for example, two stones. Then another object was added to them. It turned out three objects. We abstract from the calculus system (binary, decimal, etc.), from the choice of signs for displaying numbers, from syntax, pragmatics and leave only the semantics (semantic component) of the expression "we added one object to two objects, we got three objects." Now let's think about whether the result of such an operation depends on which planet we are in, in which galaxy or in which universe? It seems to me that it does not. It is hard to imagine that somewhere in another universe the result would be four.
Arguing further by induction, one can obtain all the arithmetic of natural numbers, including the operations of addition, multiplication, and division. This arithmetic will also be the same in all universes, because it is logical and we cannot imagine other options.
But if arithmetic is the same in all universes, then it does not occur during the Big Bang (otherwise it would be specific to each new universe) - it exists regardless of the presence of the universe, exists before its birth and after its death. It exists because it is simply logic, for the existence of which the existence of the universe is not required. Does the universe really need to confirm that 2 + 1 = 3?
Now consider a lot of objects that lie in the same plane and are at the same distance from a common point (from the center). The concept of a circle (parabola, sphere, etc.) will also be the same in all universes, in those parts of them where there is no curvature of space-time. Arguing further by induction, it is possible to obtain all geometric figures, all elementary functions, and further all mathematics. It is important for us that mathematics, in which there are no logical errors, exists regardless of the existence of the universe. It is also important that mathematics will give the same results of its application, regardless of who discovered its laws, on which planet it lives, in which galaxy, and in which universe or outside it, if these laws are not erroneous.
Thus, the Big Bang is only the “beginning of the film,” and the history of the Universe is only the process of unfolding in time and space the laws that existed objectively before its birth. The big explosion and the emergence of matter allowed the laws that existed earlier to be realized in time and space, i.e. differential equations began to be "solved" in an analogous way, by modeling them using the matter of the Universe. Due to the discreteness of time and space, these equations are modeled by matter with a fairly small step determined by quantum mechanics, stability theory, and convergence conditions. The errors of such a solution increase at small distances due to the limited “discharge grid” of the Universe, which is manifested in the appearance of De Broglie waves, tunneling, and other quantum effects.
Mankind has discovered only a small part of the laws of the world, which for a long time will have to be clarified. In particular, if mathematics uses the concept of infinity and zero, then these concepts are absent in the Universe: the value of “zero” is limited by thermal noise, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantization of space and time, and the concept of infinity is limited by the speed of light and the boundary of the Universe. As a result (or reason?), The amount of information in the universe is also limited. For the same reason, the complexity of all structures in the Universe is also limited.
It can also be assumed that there are not as many options for the existence of the world as it might seem at first glance. Mathematics has a total of 23 elementary functions. Electromagnetic fields are described by just four differential equations of Maxwell, the gravitational field in the general theory of relativity is described by just one Einstein equation, etc. We know only 118 chemical elements. Fullerene molecules consist of exactly 60 carbon atoms (C 60) The addition of at least one atom to this structure makes it unstable. A lot of restrictions are imposed by stability theory, which sharply limits the number of options for constructing systems described by ordinary differential equations. Increasing the complexity of systems reduces their stability margin. Therefore, the variety of options for building a world is not as great as it might seem. Most likely, there is only one such option .
Mankind has discovered not only the laws of mathematics and physics. Colossal knowledge was obtained (discovered) in the field of biology, anatomy and physiology of humans and animals. Among this knowledge there is a very small part that relates to objective (true, infallible) knowledge. Using an analogy, we can assume that this part of knowledge i.e. the "project" of living things and even their social behavior could exist outside the universe until the time of the Big Bang. It could exist in the same way as the knowledge that “2 + 1 = 3” existed, however, the knowledge of life is so complicated that we still cannot find even the initial arguments from which we could construct a “project using logic "living organism.
So, we assume that a person is a very complex, but unambiguous logical consequence of the obvious premises of the type "2 + 1 = 3". What are these premises - we do not know yet. Logically constructed "equations of life" have the solutions of those living organisms that exist on our planet. In other conditions, on other planets suitable for the existence of logically consistent life forms, there may be other types of living organisms, but they must be based on the same laws of the existence of living things. And these laws should be the same for all universes, if they are logically consistent.
A man has two arms, two eyes, two legs and one heart because it is logical and logic gives just such a “project” of a person. Existing deviations and a variety of human forms exist because a person is an extremely complex construction and random fluctuations during its origin and development naturally lead to a variety of appearance and structural defects.
In a dynamic feedback system with a loop gain greater than unity, continuous oscillations occur that last indefinitely. The shape of the oscillations depends on the type of differential equation that describes the feedback loop. When entering a nonlinearity or a dependence of the nonlinearity form on a signal at the system output, one can obtain oscillations whose shape randomly changes in time, i.e. it is infinitely diverse.
Any equation describing a physical system and written in implicit form can be equivalently represented (modeled) by a feedback system. Therefore, feedbacks underlie the construction of all objects in the universe. In my opinion, the described behavior of complex nonlinear non-stationary systems with feedback (infinite generation of oscillations of a complex non-repeating form) is very similar to the thinking of living beings. Let's consider this thesis in more detail.
Everything that a person sees or hears is tangible, he remembers in the form of images (visual, auditory, tactile), etc. Therefore, when extracted from memory, these images are represented in the brain in the same way as images, sounds, smells, etc. Visual images taken by the eyes are projected onto the visual cortex of the brain. There are images extracted from memory. Thanks to the feedback, the brain continuously and indefinitely long randomly reproduces previously obtained images. This stream of images forms quot; noise "of memories needed to generate new images, composed of previously obtained, using information about external disturbances (social, physical, psychological, etc.) and the internal needs of the body.
It is hard to imagine what the “feedback loop” looks like in such a system. And most importantly, for oscillation to occur, it is important that the loop gain is greater than unity. But the space of images is not metric. How to introduce the concept of distance and image operations in it? Intuitively, a person perceives this distance as a measure of the credibility of reasoning. It is likely that the distance from the judgment arising spontaneously from the “noise” in the brain to the truth, measured intuitively, decreases in the process of thinking (the reliability of the judgment grows), the loop gain becomes more than one, and therefore the system automatically generates new thoughts. At the same time, “truth” is what existed before the Big Bang and was created by pure logic from nothing.
From this noise with the help of the will of a person chooses what is closest to his goal. If there is no goal, then randomly wandering images create dreams or memories. Thanks to feedback, the brain generates views continuously.while a person is alive. Thanks to the "noise" of memories, a person feels his existence. The selection of images (thoughts) is determined by external influences and internal needs. For example, if in inanimate nature, to stabilize the temperature in the furnace, the automatic control system lowers or raises the temperature depending on the readings of the sensors, then, similarly, if a person has a need for food from “hunger sensors” in the stomach, he is looking for food . If a person has a need to become president, then he begins to prepare for the elections. If the head hurts, then he drinks analgin.
Unlike a non-living feedback system, a person has a will, i.e. he consciously chooses from the "noise" in his head only that which corresponds to some purpose. Will is not born with man. It appears as a result of processing information coming through the senses and communication in the process of personality development.
So, to the question "who created man and the process of thinking?" we answer as follows: man is a natural construct that is logically strictly derived from so far unknown to science foundations through very complex logical conclusions incomprehensible to the human mind. The logic of building a person and his "project" (equations, mathematical model of a person) exist outside of space and time and are the same for all universes.
I really want to make the most seditious hypothesis that not only people and animals think, even electrons think. Of course, the electron does not have vision, but it has a “sensor” of strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitational interactions, which informs it about the world around it. The reaction of the electron to this information is the correction of the orbit. After all, the electron does not fly in a straight line when the field reports that there is an electric field of other particles nearby and it is necessary to correct its trajectory, because true logic requires this. “Having thought a little” and having flown off during the course of reflection and measurement at a distance of half the wavelength of De Broglie, the electron returns to its orbit. Hence the wave properties - these are probably the same oscillations as in a feedback system.
The idea of the origin of man was prompted by winter snowflakes. Their dimensions in some cases reach 10 cm and they arise in a few minutes. It is interesting that in the absence of a low temperature there are no snowflakes, but there is already a "project" of snowflakes, nature knows (and people now also know) what kind of snowflake will be (more precisely, what kind) after creating suitable conditions for its construction. If we imagine that some universe is not yet there, but it will consist of matter with the same properties as ours, we can predict how a snowflake will look in it under given conditions after the universe arises. That is, the shape of a snowflake is known before the emergence of the universe!
Similarly, one can imagine that a person is a huge and complex “snowflake”, which was in the form of a “project” before the Big Bang and appeared only after the emergence of suitable climatic conditions and building material. It follows the logical conclusion that before the birth of our native Universe, all forms of matter in it and all forms of life were known in the form of logical conclusions.
The Universe is the result of a logical inference from nothing
We are used to the fact that scientific theories are created by people. The validity of theories is confirmed by practice. Some theories turn out to be erroneous, some have a narrow range of applicability. However, among them there are true theories that are never refuted, but only clarified over time. These probably include Newton’s laws, Euclidean geometry, and an object-oriented programming approach. True theories are not created by humans. They are only open to them. And they always existed, including before the Big Bang.
The main idea of the article is that true theories exist until their discovery, exist regardless of space and time, are the same in all universes and in their absence. I will explain this assumption.
Suppose we have two objects, for example, two stones. Then another object was added to them. It turned out three objects. We abstract from the calculus system (binary, decimal, etc.), from the choice of signs for displaying numbers, from syntax, pragmatics and leave only the semantics (semantic component) of the expression "we added one object to two objects, we got three objects." Now let's think about whether the result of such an operation depends on which planet we are in, in which galaxy or in which universe? It seems to me that it does not. It is hard to imagine that somewhere in another universe the result would be four.
Arguing further by induction, one can obtain all the arithmetic of natural numbers, including the operations of addition, multiplication, and division. This arithmetic will also be the same in all universes, because it is logical and we cannot imagine other options.
But if arithmetic is the same in all universes, then it does not occur during the Big Bang (otherwise it would be specific to each new universe) - it exists regardless of the presence of the universe, exists before its birth and after its death. It exists because it is simply logic, for the existence of which the existence of the universe is not required. Does the universe really need to confirm that 2 + 1 = 3?
Now consider a lot of objects that lie in the same plane and are at the same distance from a common point (from the center). The concept of a circle (parabola, sphere, etc.) will also be the same in all universes, in those parts of them where there is no curvature of space-time. Arguing further by induction, it is possible to obtain all geometric figures, all elementary functions, and further all mathematics. It is important for us that mathematics, in which there are no logical errors, exists regardless of the existence of the universe. It is also important that mathematics will give the same results of its application, regardless of who discovered its laws, on which planet it lives, in which galaxy, and in which universe or outside it, if these laws are not erroneous.
Thus, the Big Bang is only the “beginning of the film,” and the history of the Universe is only the process of unfolding in time and space the laws that existed objectively before its birth. The big explosion and the emergence of matter allowed the laws that existed earlier to be realized in time and space, i.e. differential equations began to be "solved" in an analogous way, by modeling them using the matter of the Universe. Due to the discreteness of time and space, these equations are modeled by matter with a fairly small step determined by quantum mechanics, stability theory, and convergence conditions. The errors of such a solution increase at small distances due to the limited “discharge grid” of the Universe, which is manifested in the appearance of De Broglie waves, tunneling, and other quantum effects.
Mankind has discovered only a small part of the laws of the world, which for a long time will have to be clarified. In particular, if mathematics uses the concept of infinity and zero, then these concepts are absent in the Universe: the value of “zero” is limited by thermal noise, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantization of space and time, and the concept of infinity is limited by the speed of light and the boundary of the Universe. As a result (or reason?), The amount of information in the universe is also limited. For the same reason, the complexity of all structures in the Universe is also limited.
It can also be assumed that there are not as many options for the existence of the world as it might seem at first glance. Mathematics has a total of 23 elementary functions. Electromagnetic fields are described by just four differential equations of Maxwell, the gravitational field in the general theory of relativity is described by just one Einstein equation, etc. We know only 118 chemical elements. Fullerene molecules consist of exactly 60 carbon atoms (C 60) The addition of at least one atom to this structure makes it unstable. A lot of restrictions are imposed by stability theory, which sharply limits the number of options for constructing systems described by ordinary differential equations. Increasing the complexity of systems reduces their stability margin. Therefore, the variety of options for building a world is not as great as it might seem. Most likely, there is only one such option .
The "project" of the living existed before the Big Bang
Mankind has discovered not only the laws of mathematics and physics. Colossal knowledge was obtained (discovered) in the field of biology, anatomy and physiology of humans and animals. Among this knowledge there is a very small part that relates to objective (true, infallible) knowledge. Using an analogy, we can assume that this part of knowledge i.e. the "project" of living things and even their social behavior could exist outside the universe until the time of the Big Bang. It could exist in the same way as the knowledge that “2 + 1 = 3” existed, however, the knowledge of life is so complicated that we still cannot find even the initial arguments from which we could construct a “project using logic "living organism.
So, we assume that a person is a very complex, but unambiguous logical consequence of the obvious premises of the type "2 + 1 = 3". What are these premises - we do not know yet. Logically constructed "equations of life" have the solutions of those living organisms that exist on our planet. In other conditions, on other planets suitable for the existence of logically consistent life forms, there may be other types of living organisms, but they must be based on the same laws of the existence of living things. And these laws should be the same for all universes, if they are logically consistent.
A man has two arms, two eyes, two legs and one heart because it is logical and logic gives just such a “project” of a person. Existing deviations and a variety of human forms exist because a person is an extremely complex construction and random fluctuations during its origin and development naturally lead to a variety of appearance and structural defects.
Thinking is the generation of images in a feedback system.
In a dynamic feedback system with a loop gain greater than unity, continuous oscillations occur that last indefinitely. The shape of the oscillations depends on the type of differential equation that describes the feedback loop. When entering a nonlinearity or a dependence of the nonlinearity form on a signal at the system output, one can obtain oscillations whose shape randomly changes in time, i.e. it is infinitely diverse.
Any equation describing a physical system and written in implicit form can be equivalently represented (modeled) by a feedback system. Therefore, feedbacks underlie the construction of all objects in the universe. In my opinion, the described behavior of complex nonlinear non-stationary systems with feedback (infinite generation of oscillations of a complex non-repeating form) is very similar to the thinking of living beings. Let's consider this thesis in more detail.
Everything that a person sees or hears is tangible, he remembers in the form of images (visual, auditory, tactile), etc. Therefore, when extracted from memory, these images are represented in the brain in the same way as images, sounds, smells, etc. Visual images taken by the eyes are projected onto the visual cortex of the brain. There are images extracted from memory. Thanks to the feedback, the brain continuously and indefinitely long randomly reproduces previously obtained images. This stream of images forms quot; noise "of memories needed to generate new images, composed of previously obtained, using information about external disturbances (social, physical, psychological, etc.) and the internal needs of the body.
It is hard to imagine what the “feedback loop” looks like in such a system. And most importantly, for oscillation to occur, it is important that the loop gain is greater than unity. But the space of images is not metric. How to introduce the concept of distance and image operations in it? Intuitively, a person perceives this distance as a measure of the credibility of reasoning. It is likely that the distance from the judgment arising spontaneously from the “noise” in the brain to the truth, measured intuitively, decreases in the process of thinking (the reliability of the judgment grows), the loop gain becomes more than one, and therefore the system automatically generates new thoughts. At the same time, “truth” is what existed before the Big Bang and was created by pure logic from nothing.
From this noise with the help of the will of a person chooses what is closest to his goal. If there is no goal, then randomly wandering images create dreams or memories. Thanks to feedback, the brain generates views continuously.while a person is alive. Thanks to the "noise" of memories, a person feels his existence. The selection of images (thoughts) is determined by external influences and internal needs. For example, if in inanimate nature, to stabilize the temperature in the furnace, the automatic control system lowers or raises the temperature depending on the readings of the sensors, then, similarly, if a person has a need for food from “hunger sensors” in the stomach, he is looking for food . If a person has a need to become president, then he begins to prepare for the elections. If the head hurts, then he drinks analgin.
Unlike a non-living feedback system, a person has a will, i.e. he consciously chooses from the "noise" in his head only that which corresponds to some purpose. Will is not born with man. It appears as a result of processing information coming through the senses and communication in the process of personality development.
So, to the question "who created man and the process of thinking?" we answer as follows: man is a natural construct that is logically strictly derived from so far unknown to science foundations through very complex logical conclusions incomprehensible to the human mind. The logic of building a person and his "project" (equations, mathematical model of a person) exist outside of space and time and are the same for all universes.
I really want to make the most seditious hypothesis that not only people and animals think, even electrons think. Of course, the electron does not have vision, but it has a “sensor” of strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitational interactions, which informs it about the world around it. The reaction of the electron to this information is the correction of the orbit. After all, the electron does not fly in a straight line when the field reports that there is an electric field of other particles nearby and it is necessary to correct its trajectory, because true logic requires this. “Having thought a little” and having flown off during the course of reflection and measurement at a distance of half the wavelength of De Broglie, the electron returns to its orbit. Hence the wave properties - these are probably the same oscillations as in a feedback system.
The idea of the origin of man was prompted by winter snowflakes. Their dimensions in some cases reach 10 cm and they arise in a few minutes. It is interesting that in the absence of a low temperature there are no snowflakes, but there is already a "project" of snowflakes, nature knows (and people now also know) what kind of snowflake will be (more precisely, what kind) after creating suitable conditions for its construction. If we imagine that some universe is not yet there, but it will consist of matter with the same properties as ours, we can predict how a snowflake will look in it under given conditions after the universe arises. That is, the shape of a snowflake is known before the emergence of the universe!
Similarly, one can imagine that a person is a huge and complex “snowflake”, which was in the form of a “project” before the Big Bang and appeared only after the emergence of suitable climatic conditions and building material. It follows the logical conclusion that before the birth of our native Universe, all forms of matter in it and all forms of life were known in the form of logical conclusions.