Aquarium controller without Arduino

image

My father asked me to make an automatic aquarium feeder. He did not want to go in the summer every day from his summer house to just feed the fish. At first I went with him to Chinese shops, there you can buy such a thing for $ 10, but he did not choose anything and had to do the feeding trough myself.

It was assumed that the fish should be fed twice a day - at 7 and 16 hours. Since you need to know the time, you need to make a clock, in the end I applied the RTC DS1302 module. The food needs to be poured somehow in certain doses, then I chose a unipolar stepper motor and Darlington ULN2003 assembly to twist it. For control, I had to connect a display and keyboard. Later, I also wanted to implement a thermostat, for which the DS18B20 sensor was purchased. To save pins, I inserted another shift register 74HC595N through which I connected the LCD display.

I cheated a little, using the words “without arduino” in the topic’s name, in fact, it was just on it that I put together a trial layout.



Thus, I tested the basic functionality of the program

listing
#include <Stepper.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include <MenuSystem.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal595.h>
#include <DS1302.h>
#include <OneWire.h>

#define SECS_PER_MIN (60UL)
#define SECS_PER_HOUR (3600UL)
#define SECS_PER_DAY (SECS_PER_HOUR * 24UL)
#define DAYS_PER_WEEK (7UL)
#define SECS_PER_WEEK (SECS_PER_DAY * DAYS_PER_WEEK)
#define SECS_PER_YEAR (SECS_PER_WEEK * 52UL)
#define SECS_YR_2000 (946684800UL) // the time at the start of y2k
#define LEAP_YEAR(Y) ( ((1970+Y)>0) && !((1970+Y)%4) && ( ((1970+Y)%100) || !((1970+Y)%400) ) )
static const uint8_t monthDays[]={31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}; // API starts

// Инициализация пинов часов
DS1302 rtc(2, 3, 4);

//датчик температуры
OneWire ds(5);

//Инициализация пинов экрана
LiquidCrystal595 lcd(6,7,8);

//пины шагового двигателя
const int Step1Pin = 9;
const int Step2Pin = 10;
const int Step3Pin = 11;
const int Step4Pin = 12;

Stepper motor(100, Step1Pin, Step2Pin, Step3Pin, Step4Pin);

int key=0;
int show_time=1;
int CurS=0; //текущий настраиваемый параметр (час/мин/сек)
long timestamp;
long timestamp_eeprom;
char k;
int ArrT[3]; //time
int ArrD[3]; //date
Time t;
int counter1 = 100;
int counter2 = 1;
int counter3 = 300;
int counter4 = 30; //счетчик выключения подсветки
int temp1=0;
int ttemp=0;
byte thermostat=0;
byte i;
byte data[12];
byte present = 0;
float celsius = 0;

//menu
MenuSystem ms;
Menu mm("------Menu------");
MenuItem mm_mi1(«Feed Now»);
MenuItem mm_mi2(«Time Setup»);
MenuItem mm_mi3(«Date Setup»);
MenuItem mm_mi4(«Thermostat Setup»);

void setup()
{
//кнопки
pinMode (A0, INPUT);

//шаговик
pinMode(Step1Pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Step2Pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Step3Pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Step4Pin, OUTPUT);
motor.setSpeed(40);

// Запуск часов
rtc.halt(false);
rtc.writeProtect(false);

//читаем установки температуры из EEPROM
int TEMP_EEPROM = 0;
TEMP_EEPROM = EEPROM_int_read(4);
if ((TEMP_EEPROM >= 0) && (TEMP_EEPROM <= 100)){
temp1 = TEMP_EEPROM;
}

// Запуск экрана с указанием количества символов и строк
lcd.setLED2Pin(HIGH);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.clear();

mm.add_item(&mm_mi1, &feed_now_selected);
mm.add_item(&mm_mi2, &time_setup_selected);
mm.add_item(&mm_mi3, &date_setup_selected);
mm.add_item(&mm_mi4, &thermostat_setup_selected);
// mm.add_menu(&mu1);
// mu1.add_item(&mu1_mi1, &on_item3_selected);
ms.set_root_menu(&mm);
}

void loop(){
//читаем температуру
byte addr[8];
if (ds.search(addr)) {
ds.reset();
ds.select(addr);
ds.write(0x44, 1); // start conversion, with parasite power on at the end
delay(1);//1000
present = ds.reset();
ds.select(addr);
ds.write(0xBE); // Read Scratchpad

for ( i = 0; i < 9; i++) { // we need 9 bytes
data[i] = ds.read();
}
int16_t raw = (data[1] << 8) | data[0];
byte cfg = (data[4] & 0x60);
// at lower res, the low bits are undefined, so let's zero them
if (cfg == 0x00) raw = raw & ~7; // 9 bit resolution, 93.75 ms
else if (cfg == 0x20) raw = raw & ~3; // 10 bit res, 187.5 ms
else if (cfg == 0x40) raw = raw & ~1; // 11 bit res, 375 ms
// default is 12 bit resolution, 750 ms conversion time
celsius = (float)raw / 16.0;
}

if (show_time == 1){
//lcd.clear();
counter2--;
if (counter2==0){
if (counter4>0){
counter4--;
lcd.setLED2Pin(HIGH);
}else{
lcd.setLED2Pin(LOW);
}

counter2=10;
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // Устанавливаем курсор для печати времени в верхней строчке
lcd.print(rtc.getTimeStr()); // Печатаем время
lcd.setCursor(9,0);

lcd.print(celsius);
lcd.print((char)223); //celsius simvol
// lcd.print(«C»);
lcd.setCursor(3, 1);

//timestamp = getEpochTime(rtc.getTime());
//lcd.print(timestamp);
lcd.print(rtc.getDateStr()); // Печатаем дату
}
}

//проверяем раз в… секунд
counter1--;
if (counter1==0){
counter1=100;

//thermostat
if (temp1>0 && celsius >0){ //если в настройках не 0 и датчик выдает больше 0
if (thermostat == 0){
if (celsius<temp1-1){
thermostat = 1;
lcd.setLED1Pin(LOW); //вкл
}
}else{
if (celsius>temp1+1){
thermostat = 0;
lcd.setLED1Pin(HIGH); //выкл
}
}
}

//feeder
t = rtc.getTime();
int H = t.hour;
if ((H == 0) || (H == 8) || (H == 16)){

timestamp_eeprom=EEPROMReadlong(0);
timestamp = getEpochTime(t);

if (timestamp_eeprom+3600 < timestamp){
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(4,0);
lcd.print(«Feed Now!»);
EEPROMWritelong(0,timestamp);
motor.step(100);
motor_stop();
lcd.clear();
}
}
}

if (keyboard()!=0){
show_time=0;
}

menu();
delay (100); // Пауза и все по новой!
}

void motor_stop(){
digitalWrite(Step1Pin,0);
digitalWrite(Step2Pin,0);
digitalWrite(Step3Pin,0);
digitalWrite(Step4Pin,0);
}

//display menu function
void displayMenu() {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
// Display the menu
Menu const* cp_menu = ms.get_current_menu();

//lcd.print(«Current menu name: „);
lcd.print(cp_menu->get_name());
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(cp_menu->get_selected()->get_name());
delay(100);
}

char keyboard(){
key = analogRead (0);

//debug
//lcd.setCursor(10, 1);
//lcd.print(key);

//Esc/Cancel
if ((key > 350) && (key < 360)){
return 'c';
}
//up
if ((key > 210) && (key < 230)){
return 'u';
}
//right
if ((key > 560) && (key < 590)){
return 'r';
}
//down
if ((key > 510) && (key < 540)){
return 'd';
}
//left
if ((key > 440) && (key < 470)){
return 'l';
}
//Enter
if (key < 20){
return 'e';
}
return 0;
}

void menu(){
k = keyboard();
if (k == 0){
counter3--;
if (counter3 == 0){
counter3 = 300;
k='c';
}
}else{
lcd.setLED2Pin(HIGH);
counter4=30;
}

switch (k){
case 'c':
ms.back();
lcd.clear();
show_time=1;
break;
case 'u':
ms.prev();
displayMenu();
break;

case 'd':
ms.next();
displayMenu();
break;
case 'e':
ms.select();
displayMenu();
break;
}
}

//feed now
void feed_now_selected(MenuItem* p_menu_item)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(4,0);
lcd.print(“Feed Now!»);
motor.step(100);
motor_stop();
lcd.clear();
}

void thermostat_setup_selected(MenuItem* p_menu_item)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(«Temperature:»);
ttemp=temp1;
delay(300);
while (k!='c'){
delay(1);
k=keyboard();

if (k=='e'){
temp1=ttemp;
EEPROM_int_write(4,temp1);
k='c'; //выход
}

if (k=='u'){incrTemp();}
if (k=='d'){decrTemp();}
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(ttemp);
lcd.print(" ");
}
}

//функция увеличивает temp1
void incrTemp(){
if (ttemp<30){
ttemp++;
}
delay(200);
}
void decrTemp(){
if (ttemp>0){
ttemp--;
}
delay(200);
}

//Date setup
void date_setup_selected(MenuItem* p_menu_item)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(«Date setup»);
delay (300);
int Flash=0; //или рисуем цифры или пробелы, мерцание выбранного элемента
int FC=0; //счетчик для flash
t = rtc.getTime();
ArrD[0]=t.date;
ArrD[1]=t.mon;
ArrD[2]=t.year;
while (k!='c'){
delay(1);
k=keyboard();
//flash
FC++;
if (FC == 30){
if (Flash == 0){
Flash=1;
}else{
Flash=0;
}
FC=0;
}
if (k!=0){
Flash=1;
}

//end flash
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
flashPrintDate(Flash,0);
lcd.print('.');
flashPrintDate(Flash,1);
lcd.print('.');
flashPrintDate(Flash,2);

if (k=='u'){incrD();}
if (k=='d'){decrD();}

if (k=='r'){
if (CurS <2){
CurS++;
}else{
CurS=0;
}
delay(300);
}
if (k=='l'){
if (CurS>0){
CurS--;
}else{
CurS=2;
}
delay(300);
}
if (k=='e'){
rtc.setDate(ArrD[0],ArrD[1],ArrD[2]); // Дата.
k='c'; //выход
}
}
}

//Time setup
void time_setup_selected(MenuItem* p_menu_item)
{

lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(«Time setup»);
delay (300);
int Flash=0; //или рисуем цифры или пробелы, мерцание выбранного элемента
int FC=0; //счетчик для flash

t = rtc.getTime();
ArrT[0]=t.hour;
ArrT[1]=t.min;
ArrT[2]=t.sec;

while (k!='c'){
delay(1);
k=keyboard();

//flash
FC++;
if (FC == 30){
if (Flash == 0){
Flash=1;
}else{
Flash=0;
}
FC=0;
}
if (k!=0){
Flash=1;
}
//end flash

lcd.setCursor(0,1);
flashPrint(Flash,0);
lcd.print(':');
flashPrint(Flash,1);
lcd.print(':');
flashPrint(Flash,2);

//меняем значение
if (k=='u'){incr();}
if (k=='d'){decr();}
if (k=='r'){
if (CurS <2){
CurS++;
}else{
CurS=0;
}
delay(300);
}
if (k=='l'){
if (CurS>0){
CurS--;
}else{
CurS=2;
}
delay(300);
}

if (k=='e'){
rtc.setTime(ArrT[0], ArrT[1], ArrT[2]); // Часы, минуты, секунды 24-часовой формат.
k='c'; //выход
}

}
}

//функция выводит чч или мм или cc
void flashPrint(int Flash, int CT){
if ((CurS == CT) && (Flash==0)){
lcd.print(" ");
}else{
if (ArrT[CT]<10){
lcd.print('0');
}
lcd.print(ArrT[CT]);
}
}
//функция выводит день, месяц или год
void flashPrintDate(int Flash, int CT){
if ((CurS == CT) && (Flash==0)){
if (CurS == 2){
lcd.print(" ");
}else{
lcd.print(" ");
}
}else{
if (ArrD[CT]<10){
lcd.print('0');
}
lcd.print(ArrD[CT]);
}
}

//функция увеличивает выбранный элемент на 1
void incr(){
int limit=59;
if (CurS==0){
limit=23;
}

if (ArrT[CurS] < limit){
ArrT[CurS]++;
}else{
ArrT[CurS]=0;
}
delay(200);
}
//функция уменьшает выбранный элемент на 1 для даты
void decr(){
int limit=59;
if (CurS==0){
limit=23;
}
if (ArrT[CurS] > 0){
ArrT[CurS]--;
}else{
ArrT[CurS]=limit;
}
delay(200);
}

//функция увеличивает выбранный элемент на 1 для даты
void incrD(){
int limit=31;
if (CurS==1){
limit=12;
}
if (CurS==2){
limit=5079;
}

if (ArrD[CurS] < limit){
ArrD[CurS]++;
}else{
ArrD[CurS]=1;
}
delay(200);
}
//функция уменьшает выбранный элемент на 1 для даты
void decrD(){
int limit=31;
if (CurS==1){
limit=12;
}
if (CurS==2){
limit=5079;
}
if (ArrD[CurS] > 1){
ArrD[CurS]--;
}else{
ArrD[CurS]=limit;
}
delay(200);
}

//timestamp
uint32_t getEpochTime(Time tm){
int i;
uint32_t seconds;
int year = tm.year — 1970;

// seconds from 1970 till 1 jan 00:00:00 of the given year
seconds= year*(SECS_PER_DAY * 365);
for (i = 0; i < year; i++) {
if (LEAP_YEAR(i)) {
seconds += SECS_PER_DAY; // add extra days for leap years
}
}

// add days for this year, months start from 1
for (i = 1; i < tm.mon; i++) {
if ( (i == 2) && LEAP_YEAR(year)) {
seconds += SECS_PER_DAY * 29;
} else {
seconds += SECS_PER_DAY * monthDays[i-1]; //monthDay array starts from 0
}
}
seconds+= (tm.date-1) * SECS_PER_DAY;
seconds+= tm.hour * SECS_PER_HOUR;
seconds+= tm.min * SECS_PER_MIN;
seconds+= tm.sec;
return seconds;
}

//eeprom int
void EEPROM_int_write(int p_address, int p_value)
{
byte lowByte = ((p_value >> 0) & 0xFF);
byte highByte = ((p_value >> 8) & 0xFF);

EEPROM.write(p_address, lowByte);
EEPROM.write(p_address + 1, highByte);
}

unsigned int EEPROM_int_read(int p_address)
{
byte lowByte = EEPROM.read(p_address);
byte highByte = EEPROM.read(p_address + 1);
return ((lowByte << 0) & 0xFF) + ((highByte << 8) & 0xFF00);
}

//eeprom long int
void EEPROMWritelong(int address, long value)
{
//Decomposition from a long to 4 bytes by using bitshift.
//One = Most significant -> Four = Least significant byte
byte four = (value & 0xFF);
byte three = ((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
byte two = ((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
byte one = ((value >> 24) & 0xFF);

//Write the 4 bytes into the eeprom memory.
EEPROM.write(address, four);
EEPROM.write(address + 1, three);
EEPROM.write(address + 2, two);
EEPROM.write(address + 3, one);
}

long EEPROMReadlong(long address)
{
//Read the 4 bytes from the eeprom memory.
long four = EEPROM.read(address);
long three = EEPROM.read(address + 1);
long two = EEPROM.read(address + 2);
long one = EEPROM.read(address + 3);

//Return the recomposed long by using bitshift.
return ((four << 0) & 0xFF) + ((three << 8) & 0xFFFF) + ((two << 16) & 0xFFFFFF) + ((one << 24) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
}

Я не программист, потому за программу сильно не ругайте, сам знаю, что тут косяк на косяке.


But Arduino UNO itself is a big board, besides it is a pity. It was decided to make a feeder on a clean Atmega328. As a result, I developed the board in Sprint-Layout:



In this version of the board, the DS1302 clock is already wired directly to the board, as well as minor errors have been fixed.

The printed circuit board was made by the LUT method and tin-plated with a Rose alloy


Так же была сделана и плата клавиатуры, ее видно на фото макета.

Then I soldered all the details: I have



no interface for programming, so I upload all the changes to the Arduino, and then just rearrange the controller to the socket on the board.

The case was painted in OpenSCAD and printed on a 3D printer



На крышке корпуса имеются два уха, на случай если кто-то захочет закрепить его прямо на стекле аквариума.




I also painted and printed the case for the feeder itself.


Внутри этой штуки должен крутится такой вот цилиндр с прорезями:



The keyboard and the clock module were fixed with hot-melt adhesive:



And I gathered everything to the heap:



Here you can see the result of the work:



I tried, everything works. I gave the device to my father for testing. Surely there will be flaws when we test - I will unsubscribe
about the results and corrections.

After everything was done, I drew a diagram:

Do not kick hard for the first time using Eagle


R1, R2 - 10 kOhm, R3 - 3 kOhm, button resistors of 2.2 kOhm, C1, C2 - 20 pF, electrolyte C3 - 5 μF, the electrolyte is also supplied by power, somewhere around 1000 μF. Quartz for microcontroller 16 MHz, transistor any npn.

As a result, you can estimate the estimate:


1. Atmega328 microcontroller - $ 1.8;
2. LCD screen 16x2 - $ 2.3;
3. DS18B20 thermal sensor - $ 3;
4. RTC DS1302 clock module - $ 3.5;
5. ABS plastic for 84g 3d printing. - $ 2.5
6. A stepper motor, quartz, resistors, condors, textolite, etc. - $ 1, as if such good enough.
Total: ~ $ 14 .

What I would like to do in the future


1. Russify the interface. To do this, you need to deal with the LiquidCrystal595Rus.h library;
2. Make a setting to adjust the dose of feed;
3. Make a setting to select the time of feeding;
4. You can control the light and the compressor, for this there are free pins and legs ULN2003;
5. If you switch the motor to analog pins, then there will be space for connecting the Wi-Fi module, thereby it can be connected to OpenHAB to see temperature graphs and always know if the device works, even when abroad.

In conclusion, I want to add that all the sources were uploaded to github .
There are boards in the layout, and files openscad, stl, the program source.

That’s all, thank you for your attention.

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