SynchronizationContext - when MSDN fails

[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
    Application.EnableVisualStyles();
    Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
    // проверим наличие контекста синхронизации
    var context = SynchronizationContext.Current;
    if (context == null)
        MessageBox.Show("No context for this thread");
    else
        MessageBox.Show("We got a context");
    // создадим форму
    Form1 form = new Form1();
    // проверим наличие контекста синхронизации еще раз
    context = SynchronizationContext.Current;
    if (context == null)
        MessageBox.Show("No context for this thread");
    else
        MessageBox.Show("We got a context");
    if (context == null)
        MessageBox.Show("No context for this thread");
    Application.Run(new Form1());
}

private void InitializeComponent()
    {
        System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager resources =
          new System.ComponentModel.ComponentResourceManager(typeof(Form1));
        this.mListBox = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();
        this.toolStrip1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStrip();
        this.mToolStripButtonThreads = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripButton();
        this.toolStrip1.SuspendLayout();
        this.SuspendLayout();
        //
        // mListBox
        //
        this.mListBox.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
        this.mListBox.FormattingEnabled = true;
        this.mListBox.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
        this.mListBox.Name = "mListBox";
        this.mListBox.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(284, 264);
        this.mListBox.TabIndex = 0;
        //
        // toolStrip1
        //
        this.toolStrip1.Items.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItem[] {
        this.mToolStripButtonThreads});
        this.toolStrip1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
        this.toolStrip1.Name = "toolStrip1";
        this.toolStrip1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(284, 25);
        this.toolStrip1.TabIndex = 1;
        this.toolStrip1.Text = "toolStrip1";
        //
        // mToolStripButtonThreads
        //
        this.mToolStripButtonThreads.DisplayStyle =
          System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripItemDisplayStyle.Text;
        this.mToolStripButtonThreads.Image = ((System.Drawing.Image)
            (resources.GetObject("mToolStripButtonThreads.Image")));
        this.mToolStripButtonThreads.ImageTransparentColor =
             System.Drawing.Color.Magenta;
        this.mToolStripButtonThreads.Name = "mToolStripButtonThreads";
        this.mToolStripButtonThreads.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(148, 22);
        this.mToolStripButtonThreads.Text = "Press Here to start threads";
        this.mToolStripButtonThreads.Click +=
          new System.EventHandler(this.mToolStripButtonThreads_Click);
        //
        // Form1
        //
        this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 13F);
        this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
        this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(284, 264);
        this.Controls.Add(this.toolStrip1);
        this.Controls.Add(this.mListBox);
        this.Name = "Form1";
        this.Text = "Form1";
        this.toolStrip1.ResumeLayout(false);
        this.toolStrip1.PerformLayout();
        this.ResumeLayout(false);
        this.PerformLayout();
    }
    #endregion
    private System.Windows.Forms.ListBox mListBox;
    private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStrip toolStrip1;
    private System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripButton mToolStripButtonThreads;
}

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }
    private void mToolStripButtonThreads_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        // посмотрим id потока
        int id = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
        Trace.WriteLine("mToolStripButtonThreads_Click thread: " + id);
        // захватим контекст синхронизации ассоциированный с этим
        // потоком (UI поток), и сохраним его в uiContext
        // отметье что этот контекст устанавливается в UI потоке
        // во время создания формы (вне зоны вашего контроля)
        // также отметье, что не каждый поток имеет контекст синхронизации связанный с ним.
        SynchronizationContext uiContext = SynchronizationContext.Current;
        // Создадим поток и зададим ему метод Run для исполнения
        Thread thread = new Thread(Run);
        // Запустим поток и установим ему контекст синхронизации,
        // таким образом этот поток сможет обновлять UI
        thread.Start(uiContext);
    }
    private void Run(object state)
    {
        // смотри id потока
        int id = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
        Trace.WriteLine("Run thread: " + id);
        // вытащим контекст синхронизации из state'а
        SynchronizationContext uiContext = state as SynchronizationContext;
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
        {
			// Тут мог бы быть ваш код который обращается к базе
			// или выполняет какие-то вычисления
            Thread.Sleep(10);
            // испольуем UI контекст для обновления интерфейса, 
			// посредством исполнения метода UpdateUI, метод UpdateUI 
			// будет исполнен в UI потоке
            uiContext.Post(UpdateUI, "line " + i.ToString());
        }
    }
    /// 

    /// Этот метод исполняется в основном UI потоке
    /// 
    private void UpdateUI(object state)
    {
        int id = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
        Trace.WriteLine("UpdateUI thread:" + id);
        string text = state as string;
        mListBox.Items.Add(text);
    }
}

private void Run(object state)
{
    // смотрим id потока
    int id = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
    Trace.WriteLine("Run thread: " + id);
    // захватываем контекст синхронизации
    SynchronizationContext uiContext = state as SynchronizationContext;
    for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
    {
        Trace.WriteLine("Loop " + i.ToString());
        // симуляция вычислений
        Thread.Sleep(10);
        // прокидываем код в UI поток
        try
        {
            uiContext.Send(UpdateUI, "line " + i.ToString());
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            Trace.WriteLine(e.Message);
        }
    }
}
/// 

/// Метод исполняемый в UI потоке
/// 
private void UpdateUI(object state)
{
    throw new Exception("Boom");
}

// Summary:
//     Provides the basic functionality for propagating a synchronization context
//     in various synchronization models.
public class SynchronizationContext
{
    // Summary:
    //     Creates a new instance of the System.Threading.SynchronizationContext class.
    public SynchronizationContext();
    // Summary:
    //     Gets the synchronization context for the current thread.
    //
    // Returns:
    //     A System.Threading.SynchronizationContext object representing the current
    //     synchronization context.
    public static SynchronizationContext Current { get; }
    // Summary:
    //     When overridden in a derived class, creates a copy of the synchronization
    //     context.
    //
    // Returns:
    //     A new System.Threading.SynchronizationContext object.
    public virtual SynchronizationContext CreateCopy();
    //
    // Summary:
    //     Determines if wait notification is required.
    //
    // Returns:
    //     true if wait notification is required; otherwise, false.
    public bool IsWaitNotificationRequired();
    //
    // Summary:
    //     When overridden in a derived class, responds to the notification that an
    //     operation has completed.
    public virtual void OperationCompleted();
    //
    // Summary:
    //     When overridden in a derived class, responds to the notification that an
    //     operation has started.
    public virtual void OperationStarted();
    //
    // Summary:
    //     When overridden in a derived class, dispatches an asynchronous message to
    //     a synchronization context.
    //
    // Parameters:
    //   d:
    //     The System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback delegate to call.
    //
    //   state:
    //     The object passed to the delegate.
    public virtual void Post(SendOrPostCallback d, object state);
    //
    // Summary:
    //     When overridden in a derived class, dispatches a synchronous message to a
    //     synchronization context.
    //
    // Parameters:
    //   d:
    //     The System.Threading.SendOrPostCallback delegate to call.
    //
    //   state:
    //     The object passed to the delegate.
    public virtual void Send(SendOrPostCallback d, object state);
    //
    // Summary:
    //     Sets the current synchronization context.
    //
    // Parameters:
    //   syncContext:
    //     The System.Threading.SynchronizationContext object to be set.
    public static void SetSynchronizationContext(SynchronizationContext syncContext);
    //
    // Summary:
    //     Sets notification that wait notification is required and prepares the callback
    //     method so it can be called more reliably when a wait occurs.
    protected void SetWaitNotificationRequired();
    //
    // Summary:
    //     Waits for any or all the elements in the specified array to receive a signal.
    //
    // Parameters:
    //   waitHandles:
    //     An array of type System.IntPtr that contains the native operating system
    //     handles.
    //
    //   waitAll:
    //     true to wait for all handles; false to wait for any handle.
    //
    //   millisecondsTimeout:
    //     The number of milliseconds to wait, or System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite
    //     (-1) to wait indefinitely.
    //
    // Returns:
    //     The array index of the object that satisfied the wait.
    [PrePrepareMethod]
    [CLSCompliant(false)]
    public virtual int Wait(IntPtr[] waitHandles, bool waitAll, int millisecondsTimeout);
    //
    // Summary:
    //     Helper function that waits for any or all the elements in the specified array
    //     to receive a signal.
    //
    // Parameters:
    //   waitHandles:
    //     An array of type System.IntPtr that contains the native operating system
    //     handles.
    //
    //   waitAll:
    //     true to wait for all handles; false to wait for any handle.
    //
    //   millisecondsTimeout:
    //     The number of milliseconds to wait, or System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite
    //     (-1) to wait indefinitely.
    //
    // Returns:
    //     The array index of the object that satisfied the wait.
    [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)]
    [PrePrepareMethod]
    [CLSCompliant(false)]
    protected static int WaitHelper(IntPtr[] waitHandles,
                     bool waitAll, int millisecondsTimeout);
}

class Program
{
    private static SynchronizationContext mT1 = null;
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // запишем id потока
        int id = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
        Console.WriteLine("Main thread is " + id);
        // создадим новый контекст синхронизации для текущего потока
        var context = new SynchronizationContext();
        // зададим контекст синхронизации текущему потоку
        SynchronizationContext.SetSynchronizationContext(context);
        // создадим новый поток и передадим ему контекст синхронизации
        Thread t1 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(Run1));
        t1.Start(SynchronizationContext.Current);
        Console.ReadLine();
    }
    static private void Run1(object state)
    {
        int id = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
        Console.WriteLine("Run1 Thread ID: " + id);
        // вытаскиваем контекст синхронизации из состояния
        var context = state as SynchronizationContext;
        // пробуем выполнить код в основном потоке используя контекст синхронизации
        context.Send(DoWork, null);
        while (true)
            Thread.Sleep(10000000);
    }
    static void DoWork(object state)
    {
        int id = Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId;
        Console.WriteLine("DoWork Thread ID:" + id);
    }
}

public bool InvokeRequired 
{
    get 
	{
        using (new MultithreadSafeCallScope())
        {
            HandleRef hwnd;
            if (IsHandleCreated) {
                hwnd = new HandleRef(this, Handle);
            }
            else {
                Control marshalingControl = FindMarshalingControl();
                if (!marshalingControl.IsHandleCreated) {
                    return false;
                }
                hwnd = new HandleRef(marshalingControl, marshalingControl.Handle);
            }
            int pid;
            int hwndThread = SafeNativeMethods.GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, out pid);
            int currentThread = SafeNativeMethods.GetCurrentThreadId();
            return(hwndThread != currentThread);
        }
    }
}

private Object MarshaledInvoke(Control caller, Delegate method, Object[] args, bool synchronous) 
{
  // Marshaling an invoke occurs in three steps:
  //
  // 1.  Create a ThreadMethodEntry that contains the packet of information
  //     about this invoke.  This TME is placed on a linked list of entries because
  //     we have a gap between the time we PostMessage and the time it actually
  //     gets processed, and this gap may allow other invokes to come in.  Access
  //     to this linked list is always synchronized.
  //
  // 2.  Post ourselves a message.  Our caller has already determined the
  //     best control to call us on, and we should almost always have a handle.
  //
  // 3.  If we're synchronous, wait for the message to get processed.  We don't do
  //     a SendMessage here so we're compatible with OLE, which will abort many
  //     types of calls if we're within a SendMessage.
  //
  if (!IsHandleCreated) {
      throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.GetString(SR.ErrorNoMarshalingThread));
  }
  // We have to demand unmanaged code permission here for the control hosted in
  // the browser case. Without this check, we will expose a security hole, because
  // ActiveXImpl.OnMessage() will assert unmanaged code for everyone as part of
  // its implementation.
  // The right fix is to remove the Assert() on top of the ActiveXImpl class, and
  // visit each method to see if it needs unmanaged code permission, and if so, add
  // the permission just to that method(s).
  //
  ActiveXImpl activeXImpl = (ActiveXImpl)Properties.GetObject(PropActiveXImpl);
  if (activeXImpl != null) {
      IntSecurity.UnmanagedCode.Demand();
  }
  // We don't want to wait if we're on the same thread, or else we'll deadlock.
  // It is important that syncSameThread always be false for asynchronous calls.
  //
  bool syncSameThread = false;
  int pid; // ignored
  if (SafeNativeMethods.GetWindowThreadProcessId(new HandleRef(this, Handle), out pid) == SafeNativeMethods.GetCurrentThreadId()) {
      if (synchronous)
          syncSameThread = true;
  }
  // Store the compressed stack information from the thread that is calling the Invoke()
  // so we can assign the same security context to the thread that will actually execute
  // the delegate being passed.
  //
  ExecutionContext executionContext = null;
  if (!syncSameThread) {
      executionContext = ExecutionContext.Capture();
  }
  ThreadMethodEntry tme = new ThreadMethodEntry(caller, this, method, args, synchronous, executionContext);
  lock (this) {
      if (threadCallbackList == null) {
          threadCallbackList = new Queue();
      }
  }
  lock (threadCallbackList) {
      if (threadCallbackMessage == 0) {
          threadCallbackMessage = SafeNativeMethods.RegisterWindowMessage(Application.WindowMessagesVersion + "_ThreadCallbackMessage");
      }
      threadCallbackList.Enqueue(tme);
  }
  if (syncSameThread) {
      InvokeMarshaledCallbacks();
  }  else {
      // 
      UnsafeNativeMethods.PostMessage(new HandleRef(this, Handle), threadCallbackMessage, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
  }
  if (synchronous) {
      if (!tme.IsCompleted) {
          WaitForWaitHandle(tme.AsyncWaitHandle);
      }
      if (tme.exception != null) {
          throw tme.exception;
      }
      return tme.retVal;
  }
  else {
      return(IAsyncResult)tme;
  }
}

namespace System.Threading
{
    using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
    using System.Security.Permissions;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
    using System.Runtime.ConstrainedExecution;
    using System.Reflection;
    internal struct SynchronizationContextSwitcher : IDisposable
    {
        internal SynchronizationContext savedSC;
        internal SynchronizationContext currSC;
        internal ExecutionContext _ec;
        public override bool Equals(Object obj)
        {
            if (obj == null || !(obj is SynchronizationContextSwitcher))
                return false;
            SynchronizationContextSwitcher sw = (SynchronizationContextSwitcher)obj;
            return (this.savedSC == sw.savedSC &&
                    this.currSC == sw.currSC && this._ec == sw._ec);
        }
        public override int GetHashCode()
        {
            return ToString().GetHashCode();
        }
        public static bool operator ==(SynchronizationContextSwitcher c1,
                                       SynchronizationContextSwitcher c2)
        {
            return c1.Equals(c2);
        }
        public static bool operator !=(SynchronizationContextSwitcher c1,
                                       SynchronizationContextSwitcher c2)
        {
            return !c1.Equals(c2);
        }
        void IDisposable.Dispose()
        {
            Undo();
        }
        internal bool UndoNoThrow()
        {
            if (_ec  == null)
            {
                return true;
            }
            try
            {
                Undo();
            }
            catch
            {
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        public void Undo()
        {
            if (_ec  == null)
            {
                return;
            }
            ExecutionContext  executionContext =
              Thread.CurrentThread.GetExecutionContextNoCreate();
            if (_ec != executionContext)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(Environment.GetResourceString(
                          "InvalidOperation_SwitcherCtxMismatch"));
            }
            if (currSC != _ec.SynchronizationContext)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException(Environment.GetResourceString(
                          "InvalidOperation_SwitcherCtxMismatch"));
            }
            BCLDebug.Assert(executionContext != null, " ExecutionContext can't be null");
            // restore the Saved Sync context as current
            executionContext.SynchronizationContext = savedSC;
            // can't reuse this anymore
            _ec = null;
        }
    }
    public delegate void SendOrPostCallback(Object state);
    [Flags]
    enum SynchronizationContextProperties
    {
        None = 0,
        RequireWaitNotification = 0x1
    };
    public class SynchronizationContext
    {
        SynchronizationContextProperties _props = SynchronizationContextProperties.None;
        public SynchronizationContext()
        {
        }
        // protected so that only the derived sync
        // context class can enable these flags
        protected void SetWaitNotificationRequired()
        {
            // Prepare the method so that it can be called
            // in a reliable fashion when a wait is needed.
            // This will obviously only make the Wait reliable
            // if the Wait method is itself reliable. The only thing
            // preparing the method here does is to ensure there
            // is no failure point before the method execution begins.
            RuntimeHelpers.PrepareDelegate(new WaitDelegate(this.Wait));
            _props |= SynchronizationContextProperties.RequireWaitNotification;
        }
        public bool IsWaitNotificationRequired()
        {
            return ((_props &
              SynchronizationContextProperties.RequireWaitNotification) != 0);
        }
        public virtual void Send(SendOrPostCallback d, Object state)
        {
            d(state);
        }
        public virtual void Post(SendOrPostCallback d, Object state)
        {
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(new WaitCallback(d), state);
        }
        public virtual void OperationStarted()
        {
        }
        public virtual void OperationCompleted()
        {
        }
        // Method called when the CLR does a wait operation
        public virtual int Wait(IntPtr[] waitHandles,
                       bool waitAll, int millisecondsTimeout)
        {
            return WaitHelper(waitHandles, waitAll, millisecondsTimeout);
        }
        // Static helper to which the above method
        // can delegate to in order to get the default
        // COM behavior.
        protected static extern int WaitHelper(IntPtr[] waitHandles,
                         bool waitAll, int millisecondsTimeout);
        // set SynchronizationContext on the current thread
        public static void SetSynchronizationContext(SynchronizationContext syncContext)
        {
            SetSynchronizationContext(syncContext,
              Thread.CurrentThread.ExecutionContext.SynchronizationContext);
        }
        internal static SynchronizationContextSwitcher
          SetSynchronizationContext(SynchronizationContext syncContext,
          SynchronizationContext prevSyncContext)
        {
            // get current execution context
            ExecutionContext ec = Thread.CurrentThread.ExecutionContext;
            // create a switcher
            SynchronizationContextSwitcher scsw = new SynchronizationContextSwitcher();
            RuntimeHelpers.PrepareConstrainedRegions();
            try
            {
                // attach the switcher to the exec context
                scsw._ec = ec;
                // save the current sync context using the passed in value
                scsw.savedSC = prevSyncContext;
                // save the new sync context also
                scsw.currSC = syncContext;
                // update the current sync context to the new context
                ec.SynchronizationContext = syncContext;
            }
            catch
            {
                // Any exception means we just restore the old SyncCtx
                scsw.UndoNoThrow(); //No exception will be thrown in this Undo()
                throw;
            }
            // return switcher
            return scsw;
        }
        // Get the current SynchronizationContext on the current thread
        public static SynchronizationContext Current
        {
            get
            {
                ExecutionContext ec = Thread.CurrentThread.GetExecutionContextNoCreate();
                if (ec != null)
                    return ec.SynchronizationContext;
                return null;
            }
        }
        // helper to Clone this SynchronizationContext,
        public virtual SynchronizationContext CreateCopy()
        {
            // the CLR dummy has an empty clone function - no member data
            return new SynchronizationContext();
        }
        private static int InvokeWaitMethodHelper(SynchronizationContext syncContext,
            IntPtr[] waitHandles,
            bool waitAll,
            int millisecondsTimeout)
        {
            return syncContext.Wait(waitHandles, waitAll, millisecondsTimeout);
        }
    }
}