May 7, 2019 at 00:01Happy Radio and Communication Day! Short postcard about
If you turn to a simple layman, he will surely say that the radio is dying, because in the kitchen the radio point has been cut off for a long time, the receiver works only in the country, and in the car, your favorite tracks are played from a flash drive or an online playlist. But we all know that if there wasn’t a radio, we wouldn’t read on Habré about space, cellular communications, GPS, television, Wi-Fi, experiments with microwaves, smart home and IoT in general. Yes, and Habr would not have been, because the Internet is also a radio. Therefore, today, May 7, 2019, we are writing a radio gratitude post that has done more for the development of society than all revolutions and intergalactic corporations combined.
The life of the radio is not just the story of some technical essence, it is life: the parents did not believe in it and believed that it was capable of little, it was limited in possibilities, it was used for evil purposes, it helped to defeat good and save people and it ultimately took over the world and became the founder of a separate technological universe. What is not the story of a superhero!
Generalized very much, then radio is a communication using radio waves. It can be one-sided, bilateral or multilateral, to ensure the transfer of information or exchange of information between machines and people - this is not the point. The main words here are two words: radio waves and communication.
First of all, let's put an end to the beginning of the article - why May 7? On May 7, 1895, the Russian physicist Alexander Stepanovich Popov conducted the first radio communication session. His radiogram consisted of only two words “Heinrich Hertz”, thereby he paid tribute to the scientist who laid the foundations of the future radio. By the way, the championship in radio business is disputed not only by Guglielmo Marconi, who also conducted the first session in 1895, but also by a number of other physicists: 1890 - Eduard Branley, 1893 - Nikola Tesla, 1894 - Oliver Lodge and Jagadish Chandra Bochet. However, everyone made a contribution, and it’s worth adding a few more names: James Maxwell, who created the theory of electromagnetic fields, Michael Faraday, who discovered electromagnetic induction, and Reginald Fessenden, who was the first to modulate the radio signal and gave speech for 1 mile on December 23, 1900 - with terrible quality
A. Popov and his invention
The first experiments with the wireless transmission of information were conducted by Heinrich Hertz. His experience was successful - he was able to convey a message within the same attic of his own house. Actually, that would have been the end of the matter if the Italian Marconi had not read this remarkable fact in the biography of Hertz. Marconi studied the issue, combined the ideas of his predecessors and created the first transmission device, which did not receive interest from the Italian authorities and was patented by a scientist in England. At that time, an electronic telegraph already existed, and, according to Marconi, its device would supplement the telegraph where there are no wires. However, Marconi's invention was used for communication on warships, and sending messages to a large number of listeners at the same time remained in the future. And Marconi himself did not believe in the brilliant future of radio communications.
G. Marconi and his invention
By the way, about ships, or rather, about the navy - in 1905, in the battle of Tsushima, the Japanese fleet defeated the Russian squadron, partly due to the radio equipment that the Japanese military commanders bought from Marconi. But this did not become the last argument in favor of the complete radioization of the navy and civilian fleet. The last word turned out to be another tragedy, this time civil - the death of the Titanic. After 711 passengers were saved from the sinking giant thanks to the distress radio signals, the maritime authorities of the developed countries of the world ordered that each sea and ocean ship had radio communications, and a special person - the radio operator operator - would listen to the incoming signals around the clock. Safety at sea has increased dramatically.
However, the radio did not particularly believe in other prospects.
But numerous radio amateurs - believed. So many amateur radio stations were created by the First World War that the governments of the countries were in a panic: amateurs connected to military communication sources and listened to channels. Therefore, the radio became an object of regulation, and there were no longer those who underestimated it. It became obvious that in the hands of mankind a powerful cultural phenomenon, information weapon and promising technology. Although, we bet, nobody knew the true prospects of the radio then.
Nevertheless, the radio split the life of mankind in the twentieth century into four parts in three milestones:
As you can see, both states and businesses have realized that radio is information, money, power.
But scientists and engineers did not stop, they were worried about radio waves that could transmit, heat, have different lengths and speeds. Radio has entered the service of science and is still standing on it. It seems that there will be more than one decade. Today we recall the most unusual and important inventions in which the radio was not a tool and not a means, but a full-fledged co-author.
The development of electronics. Radio simply built electronics and microelectronics: devices, televisions, receivers, transmitters required a huge number of circuits, boards, complex and simple components. An entire gigantic industry has been and is working for the radio industry.
Radio astronomy.Radio telescopes made it possible to study objects in the Universe (although the signal travels by Earth standards a long time - from several seconds to several hours) by examining their electromagnetic radiation and the range of radio waves. Radio astronomy gave a huge impetus to all astronomy, made it possible to obtain data from lunar rovers and rovers, to see in space something that the most powerful optics are not capable of.
This is what radio telescopes look like (Paul Wild Observatory, Australia)
Navigation and radar- also the merit of the radio. Thanks to them, you need to try to get lost in the most remote areas of the planet. It is the radio that helps to create and use the most accurate maps, the most sensitive trackers and ensures the interaction of machines among themselves (M2M). Here it is worth mentioning radars, without which the automotive industry and transport would develop several times slower. Radar played a huge role in military affairs, reconnaissance, the development of weapons and military vehicles and ships, in science, underwater research and much more.
The principle of operation of the satellite navigation system. Source
Cellular and Internet.Remember the terms Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, CDMA, DECT, GSM, HSDPA, 3G, WiMAX, LTE, 5G? All these technologies and standards are essentially nothing more than an oscillatory circuit, opened in 1848. That is, the same radio waves, but only with different speeds, "range", frequency. Accordingly, it is the radio that we owe to those things that occupy our mind today - in particular, the Internet of things (things communicate via the radio channel), smart home, various integrated technologies for collecting information, etc.
Surely each of you saw these towers near (white boxes - base stations of operators, BS-ki). The intersection of the coverage areas of the BS determines the "cell" - cell.
Satellite connection- a stand-alone achievement. Radio waves made it possible to get the benefits of wireless communications where it is impossible to organize a cell - in a remote area, in the mountains, on ships, etc. This is an invention that has saved lives more than once.
Satellite Phone
Eiffel Tower. Built for the international exhibition in 1889, it was supposed to stand for only 20 years and was doomed to be disassembled. But it was this tall building in Paris that became the broadcasting tower, and then television broadcasting and communications - accordingly, they changed their minds about demolishing such a useful thing, and it gradually became the main symbol of France. By the way, they do not leave the workplace - the base stations, transmitters, plates, etc. are still fixed on the tower.
How do you like the perspective of the symbol of France?
Radio wave surgery (do not confuse with radiosurgery!). This is an advanced operational method that combines tissue cross-section and coagulation (“brewing” vessels so that there is no bleeding) without mechanical action with a scalpel. The principle of operation is as follows: a thin surgical electrode gives high-frequency radio waves that are generated by alternating current with a frequency of at least 3.8 MHz. Radio waves heat tissues, evaporate cellular moisture, and tissues disperse bloodlessly at the incision site. This is a fairly less traumatic and painless method (most often used under local anesthesia), which is also common in aesthetic surgery.
Radio wave surgery device BM-780 II
Of course, we can recall certain types of locations, the usual microwave ovens, therapeutic experiments, of course, numerous and varied radio stations, a whole world of ham radio enthusiasts and many other examples - we have cited the most extensive and interesting ones.
In general, guys, signalmen and those involved, a happy holiday! Traditionally: for communication without marriage, the purity of the frequencies, and not a single gap.
The life of the radio is not just the story of some technical essence, it is life: the parents did not believe in it and believed that it was capable of little, it was limited in possibilities, it was used for evil purposes, it helped to defeat good and save people and it ultimately took over the world and became the founder of a separate technological universe. What is not the story of a superhero!
Generalized very much, then radio is a communication using radio waves. It can be one-sided, bilateral or multilateral, to ensure the transfer of information or exchange of information between machines and people - this is not the point. The main words here are two words: radio waves and communication.
First of all, let's put an end to the beginning of the article - why May 7? On May 7, 1895, the Russian physicist Alexander Stepanovich Popov conducted the first radio communication session. His radiogram consisted of only two words “Heinrich Hertz”, thereby he paid tribute to the scientist who laid the foundations of the future radio. By the way, the championship in radio business is disputed not only by Guglielmo Marconi, who also conducted the first session in 1895, but also by a number of other physicists: 1890 - Eduard Branley, 1893 - Nikola Tesla, 1894 - Oliver Lodge and Jagadish Chandra Bochet. However, everyone made a contribution, and it’s worth adding a few more names: James Maxwell, who created the theory of electromagnetic fields, Michael Faraday, who discovered electromagnetic induction, and Reginald Fessenden, who was the first to modulate the radio signal and gave speech for 1 mile on December 23, 1900 - with terrible quality
A. Popov and his invention
The first experiments with the wireless transmission of information were conducted by Heinrich Hertz. His experience was successful - he was able to convey a message within the same attic of his own house. Actually, that would have been the end of the matter if the Italian Marconi had not read this remarkable fact in the biography of Hertz. Marconi studied the issue, combined the ideas of his predecessors and created the first transmission device, which did not receive interest from the Italian authorities and was patented by a scientist in England. At that time, an electronic telegraph already existed, and, according to Marconi, its device would supplement the telegraph where there are no wires. However, Marconi's invention was used for communication on warships, and sending messages to a large number of listeners at the same time remained in the future. And Marconi himself did not believe in the brilliant future of radio communications.
G. Marconi and his invention
By the way, about ships, or rather, about the navy - in 1905, in the battle of Tsushima, the Japanese fleet defeated the Russian squadron, partly due to the radio equipment that the Japanese military commanders bought from Marconi. But this did not become the last argument in favor of the complete radioization of the navy and civilian fleet. The last word turned out to be another tragedy, this time civil - the death of the Titanic. After 711 passengers were saved from the sinking giant thanks to the distress radio signals, the maritime authorities of the developed countries of the world ordered that each sea and ocean ship had radio communications, and a special person - the radio operator operator - would listen to the incoming signals around the clock. Safety at sea has increased dramatically.
However, the radio did not particularly believe in other prospects.
But numerous radio amateurs - believed. So many amateur radio stations were created by the First World War that the governments of the countries were in a panic: amateurs connected to military communication sources and listened to channels. Therefore, the radio became an object of regulation, and there were no longer those who underestimated it. It became obvious that in the hands of mankind a powerful cultural phenomenon, information weapon and promising technology. Although, we bet, nobody knew the true prospects of the radio then.
Nevertheless, the radio split the life of mankind in the twentieth century into four parts in three milestones:
- November 2, 1920 - The first U.S. commercial radio station, KDKA, aired in Pittsburgh
- July 1, 1941 - the first commercial television station began broadcasting
- April 3, 1973 - Martin Cooper of Motorola makes a cell phone call for the first time in history
As you can see, both states and businesses have realized that radio is information, money, power.
But scientists and engineers did not stop, they were worried about radio waves that could transmit, heat, have different lengths and speeds. Radio has entered the service of science and is still standing on it. It seems that there will be more than one decade. Today we recall the most unusual and important inventions in which the radio was not a tool and not a means, but a full-fledged co-author.
The development of electronics. Radio simply built electronics and microelectronics: devices, televisions, receivers, transmitters required a huge number of circuits, boards, complex and simple components. An entire gigantic industry has been and is working for the radio industry.
Radio astronomy.Radio telescopes made it possible to study objects in the Universe (although the signal travels by Earth standards a long time - from several seconds to several hours) by examining their electromagnetic radiation and the range of radio waves. Radio astronomy gave a huge impetus to all astronomy, made it possible to obtain data from lunar rovers and rovers, to see in space something that the most powerful optics are not capable of.
This is what radio telescopes look like (Paul Wild Observatory, Australia)
Navigation and radar- also the merit of the radio. Thanks to them, you need to try to get lost in the most remote areas of the planet. It is the radio that helps to create and use the most accurate maps, the most sensitive trackers and ensures the interaction of machines among themselves (M2M). Here it is worth mentioning radars, without which the automotive industry and transport would develop several times slower. Radar played a huge role in military affairs, reconnaissance, the development of weapons and military vehicles and ships, in science, underwater research and much more.
The principle of operation of the satellite navigation system. Source
Cellular and Internet.Remember the terms Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, CDMA, DECT, GSM, HSDPA, 3G, WiMAX, LTE, 5G? All these technologies and standards are essentially nothing more than an oscillatory circuit, opened in 1848. That is, the same radio waves, but only with different speeds, "range", frequency. Accordingly, it is the radio that we owe to those things that occupy our mind today - in particular, the Internet of things (things communicate via the radio channel), smart home, various integrated technologies for collecting information, etc.
Surely each of you saw these towers near (white boxes - base stations of operators, BS-ki). The intersection of the coverage areas of the BS determines the "cell" - cell.
Satellite connection- a stand-alone achievement. Radio waves made it possible to get the benefits of wireless communications where it is impossible to organize a cell - in a remote area, in the mountains, on ships, etc. This is an invention that has saved lives more than once.
Satellite Phone
Eiffel Tower. Built for the international exhibition in 1889, it was supposed to stand for only 20 years and was doomed to be disassembled. But it was this tall building in Paris that became the broadcasting tower, and then television broadcasting and communications - accordingly, they changed their minds about demolishing such a useful thing, and it gradually became the main symbol of France. By the way, they do not leave the workplace - the base stations, transmitters, plates, etc. are still fixed on the tower.
How do you like the perspective of the symbol of France?
Radio wave surgery (do not confuse with radiosurgery!). This is an advanced operational method that combines tissue cross-section and coagulation (“brewing” vessels so that there is no bleeding) without mechanical action with a scalpel. The principle of operation is as follows: a thin surgical electrode gives high-frequency radio waves that are generated by alternating current with a frequency of at least 3.8 MHz. Radio waves heat tissues, evaporate cellular moisture, and tissues disperse bloodlessly at the incision site. This is a fairly less traumatic and painless method (most often used under local anesthesia), which is also common in aesthetic surgery.
Radio wave surgery device BM-780 II
Of course, we can recall certain types of locations, the usual microwave ovens, therapeutic experiments, of course, numerous and varied radio stations, a whole world of ham radio enthusiasts and many other examples - we have cited the most extensive and interesting ones.
In general, guys, signalmen and those involved, a happy holiday! Traditionally: for communication without marriage, the purity of the frequencies, and not a single gap.
73!
The postcard was prepared by the RegionSoft Developer Studio team - we not only create CRM systems, but also try to make a feasible contribution to the life of television and radio holdings , so we developed a cool industry solution for them RegionSoft CRM Media . By the way, tested on 19 TPX :-)