Where to find DNS settings in MacOS

    Hello!

    Recently, I faced the task of debugging the resolv process of DNS names in MacOS. I did not find a full-fledged material on how exactly it happens, I had to collect information myself.

    Here is what was found out.

    For tasks related to DNS in macOS, is responsible for the daemon named mDNSResponder. There were adventures in his life - a demon discoveryd (Yosemite) came to replace him, who broke a lot and created a lot of problems. A year later, Apple came to its senses and returned (El Capitan) a proven mDNSResponder, which immediately fixed about 300 bugs and returned stability.

    mDNSResponder is part of Bonjour , a set of technologies aimed at operating a device on a network without the need for configuration, includes searching for services, auto-assigning addresses and resolving names. Bonjour is used when you take out your iPhone and are looking for an Apple TV or printer.

    image

    At Bonjour open source, and mDNSResponder respectively , too . This simplifies the task if you need to get to the ultimate truth and show all that is hidden. The archive already has ready-made implementations for Windows, Posix and VxWorks.

    The daemon processes unicastDNS and multicastDNS. UnicastDNS is the usual DNS to which we are used and know. MulticastDNS is a protocol for using DNS in local networks that does not require a server. If the device needs someone to find - it sends the question - a “question” multicast package and receives an answer from the device with the requested name (if it exists of course). The protocol itself is described in detail in the RFC of the same name .

    It is the features MulticastDNS that the Responder abuses.- software for attacks in the local network. After launch, he insidiously begins to respond to all mDNS requests, luring unsuspecting victims into his paws.

    It was a digression - and now to the main question - how to see the current DNS cache and the general status of the DNS settings.

    So, perform the following steps:

    1. In the terminal we write:

      sudo log config --mode "private_data:on"

      this command will allow us to see the output, otherwise it will be hidden under a private stub
    2. Open the console, choose our device:



      and in the filter write mDNSResponder

    3. Perform in the terminal:

      sudo killall -INFO mDNSResponder
    4. Open the console back and get a great conclusion, which we now analyze a little:



    The status of the DNS settings is a large canvas, divided into sections. The most interesting of them are:

    Cache - DNS cache is directly stored here:

    ------------ Cache -------------
    Slt Q     TTL if     U Type rdlen
      3      4290 en0    + PTR     33 _companion-link._tcp.local. PTR VMAC._companion-link._tcp.local.
      3      4273 en0    + PTR     37 _companion-link._tcp.local. PTR VMAC\032(2)._companion-link._tcp.local.
      6    107951 -U-    - Addr     0 isafronov-G8WP. Addr
      6    107951 -U-      SOA     64 . SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2019011700 1800 900 604800 86400
      6    107951 -U-    - AAAA     0 isafronov-G8WP. AAAA
      6    107951 -U-      SOA     64 . SOA a.root-servers.net. nstld.verisign-grs.com. 2019011700 1800 900 604800 86400
      9       763 -U-      CNAME   37 1-courier.push.apple.com. CNAME 1.courier-push-apple.com.akadns.net.
     13      8819 -U-      CNAME   22 ax.itunes.apple.com.edgesuite.net. CNAME a1108.gi3.akamai.net.

    The contents of the / etc / hosts file - just in case:

    --------- /etc/hosts ---------
      State       Interface
     KnownUnique     LO    4 localhost. Addr 127.0.0.1
     KnownUnique     LO   16 localhost. AAAA ::1
     KnownUnique     LO    4 vmware-localhost. Addr 127.0.0.1
     KnownUnique     LO   16 vmware-localhost. AAAA ::1
     KnownUnique     LO    4 broadcasthost. Addr 255.255.255.255

    Statistics on mDNS - duplicate names, number of packets, interface events:

    --- MDNS Statistics ---
    Name Conflicts                 0
    KnownUnique Name Conflicts     0
    Duplicate Query Suppressions   2045
    KA Suppressions                0
    KA Multiple Packets            0
    Poof Cache Deletions           203
    --------------------------------
    Multicast packets Sent         8211
    Multicast packets Received     22382
    Remote Subnet packets          1
    QU questions  received         25960
    Normal multicast questions     62197
    Answers for questions          4259
    Unicast responses              0
    Multicast responses            0
    Unicast response Demotions     0
    --------------------------------
    Sleeps                         181
    Wakeups                        182
    Interface UP events            665
    Interface UP Flap events       48
    Interface Down events          817
    Interface DownFlap events      16
    Cache refresh queries          2876
    Cache refreshed                28935
    Wakeup on Resolves             0

    List of network interfaces:

    ------ Network Interfaces ------
      Struct addr           Registered                MAC               BSSID                                Interface Address
    00007FA2FD834E00 11, 00007FA2FD834E00,  v6 utun0  00:00:00:00:00:00 00:00:00:00:00:00 Active       A     fe80::ebfb:c666:8f7b:62ed
    00007FA2FF01B800  9, 00007FA2FF01B800,  v6 awdl0  DE:14:B1:E7:21:33 00:00:00:00:00:00 Active    v6 A M   fe80::dc14:b1ff:fee7:2133
    00007FA2FD829C00  7, 0000000000000000,  v4 en0    F4:5C:89:8E:9D:C1 E4:8D:8C:61:7F:5D 192.168.1.73   dormant for 1943 seconds
    00007FA2FD00C200 13, 00007FA2FD00C200,  v4 en5    42:4D:7F:A3:50:1B 00:00:00:00:00:00 Active v4    A M   169.254.150.120
    00007FA2FE008C00  7, 00007FA2FE008C00,  v4 en0    F4:5C:89:8E:9D:C1 E4:8D:8C:61:7F:5C Active v4    A M p 192.168.1.73

    List of DNS servers:

    --------- DNS Servers(2) ----------
    DNS Server . en0 127.0.0.1:53 0 Unscoped 30 18283 v4 v6 !cell !exp !clat46 !DNSSECAware
    DNS Server . en0 127.0.0.1:53 0 InterfaceScoped 30 18291 v4 v6 !cell !exp !clat46 !DNSSECAware
    v4answers 1
    v6answers 1
    Last DNS Trigger: 140697 ms ago 

    The world of internal and external interactions of MacOS subsystems is vast and full of mysteries. Working with domain names is only a small part of it. For further reading, I recommend:


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