November 5, 2013 at 15:47Geek porn 3: How to "open" the chip and what is inside it? Soviet Z80, TTL logic, FPGA Altera Cyclone I and others
We continue to pick the insides of microcircuits. For those who missed the first 2 episodes - here is one , here are two .
K553UD1A is one of the first Soviet integrated operational amplifiers.
This copy was produced in March 1978. Functional analogue of µa709. However, the chip was not a layered copy: 7555 is the CMOS version of the popular 555 timer. There are several interesting points on the chip. See the "unused" via on the resistor folded by the snake on top of the chip, and in the center? They are needed to adjust the resistance by changing only the mask of the last metal. Huge multi-finger "power" transistors are also striking. Remember we said that
is the 74AHC00 the easiest chip ? We were wrong.
The simplest chip is its 1-gate version, the Texas Instruments SN74AHC1G00 . The crystal size is 520x420 µm. After etching 2 (!) Metallization layers, we see that the area is almost completely occupied by pads, input protection and output transistors. A cheerful coloring under the pads is the result of a partially etched dielectric masked by what remains of the gold wire. MC33152 - Dual Power Field Effect Transistor Driver. Literally half of the crystal is occupied by powerful transistors (2 pull-up, 2 pull-down), at 1.5A with 14ns fronts. It is noteworthy how the width of the tracks along the power transistors changes to correspond to the flowing current at this point.
The crystal size is 1765x1470 µm. Ti MAX3232 - RS232 transceiver with bipolar generator on external capacitors. The crystal size is 3113x1955 µm. Toshiba TB6560AHQ is one of the widely used stepper motor drivers. Dual connections to power outlets are immediately evident. To improve heat dissipation, the crystal is soldered to a 2mm thick copper heat distributor. The crystal size is 5338x4828 µm. T34VM1 - Z80-compatible processor, manufactured on Angstrom since 1991. The crystal size is 4513x4251 µm.
The inscription on the crystal “U880 / 5” suggests that it was probably made from a set of masks obtained from the East German company VEB Mikroelektronik “Karl Marx” in Erfurt (MME). There is a suspicion that T34VM1 produced at different plants could have different crystals. But the T34BM1 itself in a beautiful snow-white case: Altera Cyclone EP1C3 is the smallest first-generation FPGA from Altera. On a 2910 LE chip, 1 PLL and 58.5 kibibit memory (13 M4K blocks, each 128x36 bit). At the level of polysilicon - we see that each M4K memory block is divided into 2 halves (a total of 26 "rectangles" in two vertical rows). The structure of the array of logic elements is not symmetrical, on the right side of the array is a PLL stuck right in the middle.
The periphery occupies half the area of the crystal, which is not surprising considering all the riot of the supported I / O standards. Zilog Z80 : After photographs of the Z80 analogs from the German Democratic Republic and the USSR , the queue finally reached the original. The production date code is 9012. Of the noticeable differences, the periphery of the original Z80 is drawn much more compactly, in the center of the crystal is the inscription DC (on the analogs there is a hole in this place, but there is no inscription). The crystal size is 3545x3350 μm, and its area is 1.6 times smaller than Т34ВМ1 . Power Integrations TNY264 is a highly integrated microcircuit for ACDC converters with a built-in 700V MOSFET. The crystal size is 2457x1306 µm. Fairchild 74VHC595
- standard logic chip, 8-bit counter. Can be compared with OnSemi 74HC595.
The crystal size is 800x690 µm. Technology 800nm. The NXP 74HC595 is another standard shift register. Compare with Fairchild 74VHC595 and OnSemi 74HC595 . The crystal size is 953x866 µm, the manufacturing technology is 2 μm. Polysilicon level: Fairchild 74F109PC - JK dual trigger from the fastest bipolar 7400 TTL series - F. Crystal size - 1436x1255 µm. UTC LM2940L-5.0 - 1A linear low voltage drop voltage regulator. 5 contacts are notable in the lower right - they were apparently used to adjust the output voltage by burning the jumpers between them.
KR1858VM1 is a serial Z80-compatible processor manufactured in the USSR. The inscription on the U880 / 6 crystal suggests that it was also developed in eastern Germany at the VEB Mikroelektronik Karl Marx in Erfurt (MME). Compared with T34BM1 , the crystal area is reduced by 1.6 times, the periphery is slightly revised.
You can also compare with MME Z80A and Zilog Z80 .
The crystal size is 3601x3409 µm. KR1858VM3 - the lastSoviet Z80. This copy was produced at the Belarusian Transistor plant in 1995.
In contrast to the previous Soviet versions of the Z80, the CMOS here is 2 μm, but due to the rather “free” topology (in addition to the natural lower density of the CMOS logic), the crystal size is even larger than 4 μm NMOS КР1858ВМ1 .
The crystal size is 5050x4657 µm. I hope it was interesting, that's all for now - you can subscribe to new photos in an rss-subscription . Photos are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license .
PS. For the subsequent autopsy in Moscow (or by mail), we are looking for old iron - Intel 386 processors and earlier, ISA cards for 386 (they will go to a working computer), a wolf-hare game, a tetris, an old electronic watch and electronic calculators (1985- 90 years and earlier). Write if you have any of this. Acknowledgments in the article, the rays of karma are guaranteed + the realization that your thing will gain immortality :-)
K553UD1A is one of the first Soviet integrated operational amplifiers.
This copy was produced in March 1978. Functional analogue of µa709. However, the chip was not a layered copy: 7555 is the CMOS version of the popular 555 timer. There are several interesting points on the chip. See the "unused" via on the resistor folded by the snake on top of the chip, and in the center? They are needed to adjust the resistance by changing only the mask of the last metal. Huge multi-finger "power" transistors are also striking. Remember we said that
is the 74AHC00 the easiest chip ? We were wrong.
The simplest chip is its 1-gate version, the Texas Instruments SN74AHC1G00 . The crystal size is 520x420 µm. After etching 2 (!) Metallization layers, we see that the area is almost completely occupied by pads, input protection and output transistors. A cheerful coloring under the pads is the result of a partially etched dielectric masked by what remains of the gold wire. MC33152 - Dual Power Field Effect Transistor Driver. Literally half of the crystal is occupied by powerful transistors (2 pull-up, 2 pull-down), at 1.5A with 14ns fronts. It is noteworthy how the width of the tracks along the power transistors changes to correspond to the flowing current at this point.
The crystal size is 1765x1470 µm. Ti MAX3232 - RS232 transceiver with bipolar generator on external capacitors. The crystal size is 3113x1955 µm. Toshiba TB6560AHQ is one of the widely used stepper motor drivers. Dual connections to power outlets are immediately evident. To improve heat dissipation, the crystal is soldered to a 2mm thick copper heat distributor. The crystal size is 5338x4828 µm. T34VM1 - Z80-compatible processor, manufactured on Angstrom since 1991. The crystal size is 4513x4251 µm.
The inscription on the crystal “U880 / 5” suggests that it was probably made from a set of masks obtained from the East German company VEB Mikroelektronik “Karl Marx” in Erfurt (MME). There is a suspicion that T34VM1 produced at different plants could have different crystals. But the T34BM1 itself in a beautiful snow-white case: Altera Cyclone EP1C3 is the smallest first-generation FPGA from Altera. On a 2910 LE chip, 1 PLL and 58.5 kibibit memory (13 M4K blocks, each 128x36 bit). At the level of polysilicon - we see that each M4K memory block is divided into 2 halves (a total of 26 "rectangles" in two vertical rows). The structure of the array of logic elements is not symmetrical, on the right side of the array is a PLL stuck right in the middle.
The periphery occupies half the area of the crystal, which is not surprising considering all the riot of the supported I / O standards. Zilog Z80 : After photographs of the Z80 analogs from the German Democratic Republic and the USSR , the queue finally reached the original. The production date code is 9012. Of the noticeable differences, the periphery of the original Z80 is drawn much more compactly, in the center of the crystal is the inscription DC (on the analogs there is a hole in this place, but there is no inscription). The crystal size is 3545x3350 μm, and its area is 1.6 times smaller than Т34ВМ1 . Power Integrations TNY264 is a highly integrated microcircuit for ACDC converters with a built-in 700V MOSFET. The crystal size is 2457x1306 µm. Fairchild 74VHC595
- standard logic chip, 8-bit counter. Can be compared with OnSemi 74HC595.
The crystal size is 800x690 µm. Technology 800nm. The NXP 74HC595 is another standard shift register. Compare with Fairchild 74VHC595 and OnSemi 74HC595 . The crystal size is 953x866 µm, the manufacturing technology is 2 μm. Polysilicon level: Fairchild 74F109PC - JK dual trigger from the fastest bipolar 7400 TTL series - F. Crystal size - 1436x1255 µm. UTC LM2940L-5.0 - 1A linear low voltage drop voltage regulator. 5 contacts are notable in the lower right - they were apparently used to adjust the output voltage by burning the jumpers between them.
KR1858VM1 is a serial Z80-compatible processor manufactured in the USSR. The inscription on the U880 / 6 crystal suggests that it was also developed in eastern Germany at the VEB Mikroelektronik Karl Marx in Erfurt (MME). Compared with T34BM1 , the crystal area is reduced by 1.6 times, the periphery is slightly revised.
You can also compare with MME Z80A and Zilog Z80 .
The crystal size is 3601x3409 µm. KR1858VM3 - the last
In contrast to the previous Soviet versions of the Z80, the CMOS here is 2 μm, but due to the rather “free” topology (in addition to the natural lower density of the CMOS logic), the crystal size is even larger than 4 μm NMOS КР1858ВМ1 .
The crystal size is 5050x4657 µm. I hope it was interesting, that's all for now - you can subscribe to new photos in an rss-subscription . Photos are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license .
PS. For the subsequent autopsy in Moscow (or by mail), we are looking for old iron - Intel 386 processors and earlier, ISA cards for 386 (they will go to a working computer), a wolf-hare game, a tetris, an old electronic watch and electronic calculators (1985- 90 years and earlier). Write if you have any of this. Acknowledgments in the article, the rays of karma are guaranteed + the realization that your thing will gain immortality :-)