December 5, 2009 at 16:56Why GLONASS trains?
In a recent post about an old presentation of the Auto + Railway project on the Adler - Alpika-Service (Krasnaya Polyana) section, many wondered why GLONASS trains?
Someone jokingly spoke out , they say traffic jams to go around =).
And he was very close to the truth ...
So, in order not to turn the article into a long not interesting set of railway specific problems, I will try to explain in human language the principle of organizing satellite navigation on the railway.
Russian Railways conceived a terrible thing. Minimize human personnel engaged in the management of train traffic.
In order to provide high-speed traffic, it is necessary to receive and make decisions related to the management of train movements as quickly and as possible.
Who can solve complex problems as quickly as possible by analyzing a lot of input data? That's right - the car .
And so the auto dispatcher was born - a hardware-software complex for automatic control of train traffic.
How it works:
Information from a variety of railway infrastructure facilities is sent to the “auto-dispatcher” complex for processing.
There is a software processing of all input data, and if something requires the reaction of a living dispatcher, the information is displayed on a collective scoreboard of 12.5 by 2 meters in size, showing the train position and the state of the entire infrastructure of the course.
For example, somewhere the contact wire of the network is torn - immediately information about this is displayed on the scoreboard.
But the point of the auto dispatcher is not only the collection of statistical information, it would be too far from our GLONASS topic and traffic automation.
One of the functions of the auto dispatcher in the automatic observance of the Schedule of Executive Traffic (GID) and regulation of train traffic.
I was surprised to learn that the competent management of the composition (acceleration, deceleration) reduces annual energy consumption by tens of millions of rubles.
That is, the auto dispatcher will be directly involved in the behavior of the train on the site, can control its speed, as well as the state of the turnouts. Those. the auto dispatcher will route. Of course, the engineer will not disappear from the staff, although in the future he will practically not take part in the movement of the train.
And here GLONASS enters the game.
Now, to determine the location of the composition, signaling devices installed on the road are used. However, the positioning accuracy is insufficient for operational and constant control over the movement of the train. For this, the trains will be equipped with GLONASS receivers, which will transmit the coordinate-time position on the train via digital radio communication of the TETRA standard. And based on these data, the auto dispatcher will also work in terms of traffic control.
It is worth noting that this is not a global know-how, of course, the experience of foreign colleagues, in particular Germany, where a similar system works at Deutsche Ban, was used. But the specifics of domestic railways required serious research.
Of course, in addition to the very possibility of organizing and managing high-speed traffic, there are economic indicators.
If we talk about what I’ll be directly involved in, this is the organization of a passenger warning system at stations and stopping points of this section. And the Auto Dispatcher will also help us, as he is engaged in miscalculating the estimated time of arrival of the train to all subsequent stations. We will display this information on LED displays and notify passengers by speakerphone. So the innovation is definitely useful, the main thing is that the budget will overpower ...
I’m still struggling to write a topic on the design of a passenger warning system, but I still can’t allocate time.
As a seed, I’ll just mention the approximate price level for construction and installation works - for a middle station equipped with 2-3 LED displays and a couple of dozens of SMR speakers, it will amount to about 20 million rubles.
Someone jokingly spoke out , they say traffic jams to go around =).
And he was very close to the truth ...
At the Oktyabrskaya railroad range, Russian Railways set the task of reducing the speed of passenger high-speed trains on the St. Petersburg - Moscow line and organizing high-speed passenger traffic on the St. Petersburg - Buslovskaya - Helsinki (Finland) direction. In the future, by 2015, it is planned to build a specialized high-speed highway St. Petersburg - Moscow with a maximum speed of 350-400 km / h and a travel time of 2 hours 30 minutes.
So, in order not to turn the article into a long not interesting set of railway specific problems, I will try to explain in human language the principle of organizing satellite navigation on the railway.
Russian Railways conceived a terrible thing. Minimize human personnel engaged in the management of train traffic.
In order to provide high-speed traffic, it is necessary to receive and make decisions related to the management of train movements as quickly and as possible.
Who can solve complex problems as quickly as possible by analyzing a lot of input data? That's right - the car .
Auto dispatcher
And so the auto dispatcher was born - a hardware-software complex for automatic control of train traffic.
How it works:
Information from a variety of railway infrastructure facilities is sent to the “auto-dispatcher” complex for processing.
There is a software processing of all input data, and if something requires the reaction of a living dispatcher, the information is displayed on a collective scoreboard of 12.5 by 2 meters in size, showing the train position and the state of the entire infrastructure of the course.
For example, somewhere the contact wire of the network is torn - immediately information about this is displayed on the scoreboard.
But the point of the auto dispatcher is not only the collection of statistical information, it would be too far from our GLONASS topic and traffic automation.
For Sapsan, even three minutes late is unacceptable. The same requirements should apply to other fast trains. Computer technology allows you to assess the situation 80–90 km forward, so that you can quickly make a decision on an emergency situation.
The locomotive on electronic media has data on an energy-saving schedule that allows you to maximize the use of the profile, slopes
paths, braking modes, speeding, etc. In auto-driving mode, the computer also evaluates the performance of the motion schedule. Tests have shown that if an abnormal situation arises along the route, a fast train can pass through the Moscow - St. Petersburg section without interfering with the driver’s control. Moreover, the deviation from the schedule will be no more than 30-40 seconds. The second stage is the transition to the Robot system. It is difficult for a computer to replace a person, but it can help very significantly. Especially where there are many solutions to the problem. No matter how well we do the technique,
nor contain infrastructure, an emergency can always happen. How to organize the movement to drive with a minimum delay and at the same time save electricity? Choosing the best solution will be a computer. Drawing up a similar program for him is the task of the current year.
One of the functions of the auto dispatcher in the automatic observance of the Schedule of Executive Traffic (GID) and regulation of train traffic.
I was surprised to learn that the competent management of the composition (acceleration, deceleration) reduces annual energy consumption by tens of millions of rubles.
That is, the auto dispatcher will be directly involved in the behavior of the train on the site, can control its speed, as well as the state of the turnouts. Those. the auto dispatcher will route. Of course, the engineer will not disappear from the staff, although in the future he will practically not take part in the movement of the train.
GLONASS
And here GLONASS enters the game.
Now, to determine the location of the composition, signaling devices installed on the road are used. However, the positioning accuracy is insufficient for operational and constant control over the movement of the train. For this, the trains will be equipped with GLONASS receivers, which will transmit the coordinate-time position on the train via digital radio communication of the TETRA standard. And based on these data, the auto dispatcher will also work in terms of traffic control.
It is worth noting that this is not a global know-how, of course, the experience of foreign colleagues, in particular Germany, where a similar system works at Deutsche Ban, was used. But the specifics of domestic railways required serious research.
And what is profit?
Of course, in addition to the very possibility of organizing and managing high-speed traffic, there are economic indicators.
Already today, energy savings from movement on energy-saving schedules are 4–5.5%, or 41–45 million rubles. in year. In addition, there are certain proposals for the phased transfer of 12-15 stations from those available at site 48 to unmanned technology. Automation of the functions of duty and dispatch personnel will reduce the line-level apparatus, minimize the influence of the human factor and increase the safety of train traffic. The expected economic effect of this event will be 45-50 million rubles. And finally, any emergency can be resolved with minimal cost. The implementation of a conflict resolution program will also bring a certain economic effect.
If we talk about what I’ll be directly involved in, this is the organization of a passenger warning system at stations and stopping points of this section. And the Auto Dispatcher will also help us, as he is engaged in miscalculating the estimated time of arrival of the train to all subsequent stations. We will display this information on LED displays and notify passengers by speakerphone. So the innovation is definitely useful, the main thing is that the budget will overpower ...
As PS
I’m still struggling to write a topic on the design of a passenger warning system, but I still can’t allocate time.
As a seed, I’ll just mention the approximate price level for construction and installation works - for a middle station equipped with 2-3 LED displays and a couple of dozens of SMR speakers, it will amount to about 20 million rubles.